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Topic Review
Regeneration in Reptiles
The ability to repair injuries among reptiles, i.e., ectothermic amniotes, is similar to that of mammals with some noteworthy exceptions. While large wounds in turtles and crocodilians are repaired through scarring, the reparative capacity involving the tail derives from a combined process of wound healing and somatic growth, the latter being continuous in reptiles. When the tail is injured in juvenile crocodilians, turtles and tortoises as well as the tuatara (Rhynchocephalia: Sphenodon punctatus, Gray 1842), the wound is repaired in these reptiles and some muscle and connective tissue and large amounts of cartilage are regenerated during normal growth. This process, here indicated as “regengrow”, can take years to produce tails with similar lengths of the originals and results in only apparently regenerated replacements. 
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Modified Citrus Pectin Pleiotropic Effects
Modified citrus pectin (MCP) has a low-molecular-weight degree of esterification to allow absorption from the small intestinal epithelium into the circulation. MCP produces pleiotropic effects, including but not limited to its antagonism of galectin-3, which have shown benefit in preclinical and clinical models. Regarding cancer, MCP modulates several rate-limiting steps of the metastatic cascade. MCP can also affect cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy. Regarding fibrotic diseases, MCP modulates many of the steps involved in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis. MCP also reduces fibrosis to the kidney, liver, and adipose tissue. Other benefits of MCP include detoxification and improved immune function.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Amazon weasel
The Amazon weasel (Mustela africana), also known as the tropical weasel, is a small carnivorous mammal native to the Amazon rainforest. With its slender body, short legs, and distinctive coat, this elusive species plays a crucial role in the ecological dynamics of its dense and biodiverse habitat.
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
H2O Soft Seltzer & Water-Based Beverages Hydration
H2O Sonoma Soft Seltzer is a non-alcoholic water-based beverage, that is infused with the juice of varietal wine grapes, dealcoholized wine, and flavor extracts.  The Beverage Guidance System has established dietary recommendations for daily intake of commonly consumed beverages including water, tea, coffee, milk, non-calorically sweetened beverages, and calorically sweetened beverages. As obesity in America continues to be a growing problem, this guidance becomes of increasing importance due to many beverages’ potential links to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and numerous other harmful health effects. However, the growing popularity of “better for you” beverages is causing a shift in the market, with consumers requesting healthier beverage options. Beverages simultaneously present advantages while posing concerns that need to be evaluated and considered. Current trends of the beverage market such as the novel Soft Seltzer category as an alternative to Hard Seltzer and various mashups emerge.
  • 1.7K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Chemical and Cell-Based Antioxidant Assays
Antioxidants remain interesting molecules of choice for suppression of the toxic effects of free radicals in foods and human systems. The current practice involves the use of mainly synthetic molecules as potent antioxidant agents. However, due to the potential negative impact on human health, there is an intensive effort within the research community to develop natural alternatives with similar antioxidant efficacy but without the negative side effects of synthetic molecules. Still, the successful development of new molecules depends on the use of reliable chemical or cell culture assays to screen antioxidant properties. Chemical antioxidant assays include the determination of scavenging ability against free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Other antioxidant tests include the ability of compounds to bind and sequester prooxidant metal cations, reduce ferric iron, and attenuate the rate of lipid oxidation. Ex vivo tests utilize cell cultures to confirm entry of the molecules into cells and the ability to quench synthetic intracellular free radicals or to stimulate the increased biosynthesis of endogenous antioxidants.
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Enhancing Animal Production through Smart Agriculture
Smart livestock farming utilizes technology to enhance production and meet food demand sustainably. Smart agriculture employs modern technology to improve efficiency, sustainability, and animal welfare in livestock farming. This includes remote monitoring, GPS-based animal care, robotic milking, smart health collars, predictive disease control, and other innovations.
  • 1.7K
  • 02 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Tuber Sprout Suppressants
To avoid tuber sprouting, increased storage and transportation of potatoes demands either the retention of their dormant state or the application of sprout growth suppressants.
  • 1.7K
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Cold Stress in Arabidopsis and Rice
Cold stress, including freezing stress and chilling stress, is one of the major environmental factors that limit the growth and productivity of plants. As a temperate dicot model plant species, Arabidopsis develops a capability to freezing tolerance through cold acclimation. The past decades have witnessed a deep understanding of mechanisms underlying cold stress signal perception, transduction, and freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis. In contrast, a monocot cereal model plant species derived from tropical and subtropical origins, rice, is very sensitive to chilling stress and has evolved a different mechanism for chilling stress signaling and response.
  • 1.7K
  • 03 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Australian Sea Lion
The Australian Sea Lion (Neophoca cinerea) is a charismatic pinniped species native to the coastal waters of southern Australia, particularly found along the southern and western coastlines. Renowned for its sleek and agile swimming abilities, this marine mammal is distinguishable by its pale yellow to cream-colored fur and a distinctively long, narrow muzzle. As a key predator in its marine ecosystem, the Australian Sea Lion plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of coastal ecosystems, primarily feeding on fish, cephalopods, and crustaceans.
  • 1.7K
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Organic Food Impact on Human Health
Organic agriculture has gained more popularity, yet its approach to food production and its potential impact on consumers’ health and various environmental aspects remain to be fully discovered. The goal of organic farming practices is to maintain soil health, sustain ecological systems, maintain fairness in its relationship with the environment and protect the environment in its entirety. Various health benefits have been associated with higher consumption of organic foods.
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Bay Cat
The Bay Cat (Catopuma badia), a mysterious and elusive felid species native to the dense forests of Southeast Asia, remains one of the least studied and understood wild cats. Known for its striking reddish-brown fur and secretive behavior, the Bay Cat captivates researchers and conservationists alike as they strive to unravel the mysteries surrounding this enigmatic feline species.
  • 1.7K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Effect of Anthocyanins on Colorimetric Indicator Film Properties
Anthocyanins have attracted widespread attention as a material for manufacturing smart food packaging, as they are sensitive to changes in pH, and small changes in pH can cause changes in the color of anthocyanins. The incorporation of anthocyanins often causes different changes in the properties of the films.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Essential Oils as Antimicrobials
Essential oil is a term reserved for those compounds that are defined by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in their ISO 9235. These kinds of compounds are complex mixtures originated from the secondary metabolism, produced by the glandular trichomes, and in different secretory structures. They can be composed by terpenes, associated or not to other components, generally volatile and that provides an odor to the vegetable. These compounds have (with exceptions) a density lower than water density and are usually presented in liquid form. Besides, essential oils are hydrophobic compounds, soluble in alcohol (among others) and only a little soluble in water.
  • 1.7K
  • 14 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Local Chicken Breeds and Varieties
Conservation of local breeds possessing genetic variations specific to the particular environment is essential for sustainable development. Although they exist as numerically small populations, local breeds are not only highly adapted to the natural environment, but are also an integral part of the lifestyle of the rural people. People, livestock and environment form a delicately balanced but sustainable ecosystem, and thus the potential impact of any intervention to improve production in the traditional system should be predetermined. The situation is less sensitive in periurban, industrial and small-scale intensive poultry production, in which rapid improvements can be achieved through well-designed development programmes. The intensive poultry production sector, however, is generally much smaller than the family poultry sector in virtually all developing countries. The present review evaluates twenty years (2001 to 2021) of the study of growth and performance in local chicken breeds worldwide. The assessment of methodological approaches and their constraints when intending to fit for data derived from often endangered autochthonous populations was performed. The evaluation of conditioning factors on the impact that publications reporting on research progresses in the field have on the scientific community and how such advances are valued suggests the need to seek new methodological alternatives or statistical strategies. Such strategies must meet the requirements of local populations which are characterized by reduced censuses, a lack of data structure, highly skewed sex ratios, and a large interbreed and variety variability. The sustainable conservation of these populations cannot be approached if scientific knowledge on their productive behaviour is not reinforced in a manner that allows distinctive products to be put on the market and be competitive. 
  • 1.7K
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Multi-Micronutrients Deficiency in Agricultural Soils
The deficiencies of nutrient elements and inappropriate nutrient management practices in agricultural soils of the world is one of the reasons for low crop productivity, reduced nutritional quality of agricultural produce, and animal/human malnutrition.
  • 1.7K
  • 06 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System
Increased consumption of vegetables has been recommended worldwide as a part of a healthy diet; therefore, determining gene function among breeding materials is crucial for vegetable improvement to meet the sustainable development of new vegetable varieties. However, genetic transformation is time-consuming and laborious, which limits the exploration of gene function for various vegetable crops. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) can perform large-scale and rapid gene silencing in plants due to a reduction in the experimental period and its independence from the stable genetic transformation, providing an excellent opportunity for functional research. 
  • 1.7K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Common Genet
The Common Genet, also known as Genetta genetta, is a small carnivorous mammal native to Europe and parts of North Africa. Recognizable by its slender body, long tail, and distinctive facial markings, the Common Genet is a nocturnal hunter, preying on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects. Despite its name, the Common Genet is not closely related to cats but belongs to the family Viverridae, making it a unique and intriguing member of the carnivore community.
  • 1.7K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Formation Mechanism of Pigeon Milk
Pigeon is an important economic poultry species in many countries. Pigeon milk is generally characterized by having high concentrations of proteins and lipids, and a complicated regulatory network is involved in the milk formation. Hormones, especially prolactin, could promote the proliferation of crop epidermal cells and nutrient accumulation. The expression of target genes associated with these important biological processes in the crop epidermis is affected by non-coding RNAs. Meanwhile, signaling pathways, such as target of rapamycin (TOR), Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription proteins (JAK/STAT), protein kinase B (Akt), etc., influence the production of crop milk by either enhancing protein synthesis in crop cells or inducing apoptosis of crop epidermal cells.
  • 1.7K
  • 09 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cannabis sativa L. (Hemp)
Hemp, or Cannabis sativa L., is an oleaginous plant known as one of the oldest plants cultivated by humankind, specifically for medicinal properties and non-edible fiber content.
  • 1.7K
  • 11 May 2021
Topic Review
Poultry Production in Developing Countries under COVID-19 Crisis
Poultry farming is a significant source of revenue generation for small farmers in developing countries. It plays a vital role in fulfilling the daily protein requirements of humans through meat and eggs consumption. The recently emerged pandemic Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) impacts the poultry production sector. Although the whole world is affected, these impacts may be more severe in developing countries due to their dependency on exporting necessary supplies such as feed, vaccines, drugs, and utensils. 
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Mar 2022
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