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Topic Review
Cellulose Triacetate Hollow-Fiber Membranes
Cellulose triacetate (CTA)-based hollow fiber (HF) membrane is one of the commercially successful semipermeable membranes that has had a long progress since the time the excellent semi-permeable feature of cellulose-based polymers was found in 1957. Because of the reliable and excellent performances, especially for drinking water production from seawater, CTA-HFs have been widely used as reverse osmosis (RO) membranes, especially in arid regions. 
  • 2.0K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Vortex-Induced Motions of Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Structures
The ‘Green Shift’ from fossil energy (coal, oil and natural gas) to renewable energy (sunlight, wind, waves and tide) is now a global trend. DNV forecasts that by 2050, the installed floating global wind capacity will have grown from today’s 100 megawatts (MW) to over 264 gigawatts (GW), so that 2% of the world’s electricity demand can be supplied by cost-efficient and dependable floating offshore wind. Floating offshore wind is considered to be a viable solution at water depths exceeding 50 to 60 m with abundant wind resources. As a fast-evolving technology, it has the potential for less foundation material, shortened installation cycle and decommissioning, and additional wind power generation.
  • 1.9K
  • 11 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Digital Twin in the Maritime Domain
In the present world, simulation has become an integral part of system development for every engineering discipline. Starting from solving design problems using numerical algorithms in the 1960s, simulation has taken us to the digital era where simulation is integrated into the life cycle of the particular product including design, testing, manufacturing, commissioning, operating, and decommissioning. This process of evolution has opened the pathway to DT which is more versatile and dynamic than the physical twin concept. Ever since, the concept of Digital Twin (DT) has become a reality expanding its outreach to various disciplines around the world including the maritime domain. The novel concept of the DT was first proposed in the year 2002 by Dr Michael Grieves, a leading scientist in the field of advanced manufacturing at the Florida Institute of Technology at a manufacturing engineers conference in Troy, Michigan. His idea was based on constructing digital information on the physical model on his own. This digital information is a replica of the data embedded in the physical system which will be connected with the physical system in the complete life cycle of a particular system/component.
  • 1.9K
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
The Mobility and Agility of Subsea AUV
The observation and detection of the subsea environment urgently require large-scale and long-term observation platforms. The design and development of subsea autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) involve three key points: the subsea-adapted main body structure, agile motion performance that adapts to complex underwater environments, and underwater acoustic communication and positioning technology. 
  • 1.9K
  • 27 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Scour Protections Design Optimization
The offshore wind is the sector of marine renewable energy with the highest commercial development at present. The margin to optimise offshore wind foundations is considerable, thus attracting both the scientific and the industrial community. Due to the complexity of the marine environment, the foundation of an offshore wind turbine represents a considerable portion of the overall investment. An important part of the foundation’s costs relates to the scour protections, which prevent scour effects that can lead the structure to reach the ultimate and service limit states. Presently, the advances in scour protections design and its optimisation for marine envi-ronments face many challenges, and the latest findings are often bounded by stakeholder’s strict confidential policies.
  • 1.8K
  • 23 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Marine Gas Engine
The interest in natural gas engines as an alternative to diesel engines has intensified as crude oil prices have risen and global environmental regulations have become more stringent. Natural gas engines can improve thermal efficiency through lean combustion, owing to combustion of a wide range of fuels; meanwhile, the low carbon content of the fuel reduces CO2 emissions, which is crucial in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Natural gas engines also exhibit excellent fuel economy and low fuel costs. Unlike crude oil, natural gas is widely distributed worldwide and offers an advantage in terms of supply and demand. As a result, the demand for gas engines is increasing rapidly. Therefore, many marine engine manufacturers have developed micropilot-type gas engines that inject diesel fuel only for ignition.
  • 1.8K
  • 25 May 2021
Topic Review
Beach Drainage System
The idea that the groundwater table plays a role in the mobilization of the sediment grains underlies the application of the beach drainage system (BDS) as a tool able to modify the natural dynamics of groundwater table at sandy beaches. The beach drainage is one of the soft engineering methods aimed to counteract the shoreline retreat related to the sediment redistribution along the beach profile. 
  • 1.8K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Solar Energy-Powered Boats
Solar energy-powered boats have emerged as a noteworthy solution for environmentally friendly transportation, starting with Alan T. Freeman’s pioneering solar boat called Solar Craft 1 in 1975. These boats have garnered increasing interest from esteemed boatyards, universities, and research centers worldwide, as they address the need for eco-friendly transportation.
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Aug 2023
Topic Review
SAR Image Target Detection with Convolutional Neural Networks
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) target detection is a significant research direction in radar information processing. Aiming at the poor robustness and low detection accuracy of traditional detection algorithms, SAR image target detection based on the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is presented in this entry.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Performance of Unmanned Vehicles for Offshore Wind Turbines
Operations and maintenance of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) are challenging, with manual operators constantly exposed to hazardous environments. Due to the high task complexity associated with the OWT, the transition to unmanned solutions remains stagnant. Efforts toward unmanned operations have been observed using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs) but are limited mostly to visual inspections only. Collaboration strategies between unmanned vehicles have introduced several opportunities that would enable unmanned operations for the OWT maintenance and repair activities. 
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Structural Testing of Tidal Turbine Blades
Structural testing of tidal turbine blades is vital due to several reasons. Firstly, it allows for the optimization of blade performance, ensuring efficient energy conversion and maximizing power output. Secondly, it ensures the reliability and safety of the blades, enabling them to withstand harsh marine conditions and reducing the risk of failure or damage. Thirdly, structural testing helps assess the durability of the blades, determining their fatigue life and enabling effective maintenance strategies. Additionally, it aids in designing cost-effective solutions by evaluating materials, manufacturing techniques, and configurations. Finally, structural testing facilitates regulatory compliance, ensuring that blades meet the necessary standards and certifications for deployment in tidal energy projects. Overall, structural testing plays a crucial role in enhancing performance, safety, durability, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance of tidal turbine blades.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Classification of the Fish Inspired Robots
Compared with traditional underwater vehicles, bio-inspired fish robots have the advantages of high efficiency, high maneuverability, low noise, and minor fluid disturbance. The propulsion ability of fish comes from the coordination between muscle groups, which gives its body uniform weight distribution and a more space-saving motion structure. A body that has evolved over billions of years also has an excellent hydrodynamic shape and a reasonable structural elastic modulus. At the same time, the organic combination of movement between muscle groups is also the reason to improve the overall efficiency of movement. Finally, fish have unique fluid sensing systems. A body and (or) caudal fin (BCF) swimmer bends its body into a backward propulsive wave that extends up to its caudal fin, while median and paired fin (MPF) swimmers use the median and paired fins to gain thrust. Similar to the classification of the biological systems, fish-inspired robots can also be divided into BCF-based and MPF-based robotic fish with a series of subcategories.
  • 1.2K
  • 10 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Prognostic and Health Management for Marine Diesel Engines
Prognostic and health management (PHM) methods focus on improving the performance and reliability of systems with a high degree of complexity and criticality. These systems include engines, turbines, and robotic systems. PHM methods involve managing technical processes, such as condition monitoring, fault diagnosis, health prognosis, and maintenance decision-making. Various software and applications deal with the processes mentioned above independently. Researchers can also observe different development levels, making connecting all of the machine’s technical processes in one health management system with the best possible output a challenging task. 
  • 1.2K
  • 17 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Offshore Wind Farms Investigations Using Machine Learning
The offshore wind energy sector continues to make substantial progress, driven by the urgent need for renewable energy, climate change mitigation strategies, and the ambitious zero-emission objectives set by governments and local communities. Key drivers of this progress include scaling up offshore wind turbine dimensions to boost energy output, improving the efficiency of existing systems, addressing environmental concerns associated with these installations, exploring deeper waters for turbine deployment in areas with optimal wind conditions, and pursuing the innovation of floating offshore turbines. These challenges are at the forefront of efforts to advance the development, installation, operation, and maintenance of offshore wind energy systems.
  • 1.2K
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Anchorage Area Detection
Mooring area detection represents one of the key technological problems that must be solved in the development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS). Anchoring operation is one of the key operations of ships, which is affected by various factors. The research on anchorage area detection focuses mainly on the safety distance between anchoring ships and methods of mooring area detection.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Ammonia in Various Technologies
Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel with promising applications as either a direct or indirect hydrogen carrier. Ammonia can play an important role in the decarbonization of the shipping industry, at least for deep sea routes. The key barriers to using green ammonia as an alternative fuel in maritime industry. are: (1) High production costs, due to the high capital costs associated with ammonia’s supply chain; (2) availability, specifically the limited geographical locations available for ammonia bunkering; (3) the challenge of ramping up current ammonia production; and (4) the development of ammonia-specific regulations addressing issues such as toxicity, safety, and storage. These issues are further discussed in this topic review.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Semantic Modeling, Simulation and Cybersecurity in the IoUT
As maritime and military missions become more and more complex and multi-factorial over the years, there has been a high interest in the research and development of (autonomous) unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Latest efforts concern the modeling and simulation of UUVs’ collaboration in swarm formations, towards obtaining deeper insights related to the critical issues of cybersecurity and interoperability. The research topics, which are constantly emerging in this domain, are closely related to the communication, interoperability, and secure operation of UUVs, as well as to the volume, velocity, variety, and veracity of data transmitted in low bit-rate due to the medium, i.e., the water. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Ship Machinery Reliability
Redundancy in ship systems is provided to ensure operational resilience through equipment backups, which ensure system availability and offline repairs of machinery. The electric power generation system of ships provides the most utility of all systems; hence, it is provided with a good level of standby units to ensure reliable operations.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Monitoring Systems in Shipping and Offshore Industry
Maritime transport is the main mode of international trade (up to 80% of goods); thus, marine structures are critical because of its specific influence to trade. Ships and offshore structures are used worldwide for a variety of functions and in a variety of water depths and environments. Monitoring the health of marine structures plays a key role in reducing the risk of structural failure. The incorporation of a health-monitoring system makes it possible to optimize the design, operation and/or maintenance, moving from criteria based on experience or conservative estimates, to others that take advantage of source of information about real-time in-service behavior. Structural monitoring also makes it possible to reveal the start of damage in structures that would otherwise remain invisible until a catastrophic/unexpected manifestation of damage occurs, allowing for decisions such as decommissioning for unscheduled maintenance actions or continuing until the next scheduled maintenance.
  • 1.0K
  • 24 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Key Technologies for Offshore Wind Power in China
Offshore Wind Power (OWP) has gained prominence in China’s national energy strategy. However, the levelized cost of electricity (LCoE) of wind power must be further reduced to match the average wholesale price. The cost-cutting and revenue-generating potential of offshore wind generation depends on technological innovation.
  • 1.0K
  • 20 Jul 2022
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