Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Sodium Chloride, Migraine and Salt Withdrawal
Salt (sodium chloride) meets the criteria for the diagnosis of substance dependence, including withdrawal in which the substance is used to relieve withdrawal symptoms. The premonitory symptoms of migraine include food cravings for salty foods, which can alleviate migraine pain. Edema, possibly related to large amounts of salt consumed in binge eating, can cause approximately four pounds of retained fluid. This amount of fluid is similar to the fluid retained before the onset of migraine headache, which may be accompanied by polyuria.
  • 308
  • 14 Mar 2024
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Housing Injustice
In the United States, there has been a long history of environmental injustice that disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities and low-income communities due to racially targeted policies and widespread discrimination. Environmental racism can be revealed in housing discrimination that perpetuates inequities in exposure to environmental pollutants. Biased credit and mortgaging practices such as redlining have led to housing segregation of racial and ethnic minorities in the USA, permitting policymakers to diminish and disinvest in these communities. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified housing instability for families of color, including Black and Hispanic/Latinx communities, putting them at increased risk for COVID-19 exposure. There is a need to investigate how environmental injustice intensifies the COVID-19 pandemic, illuminates racial and ethnic inequities in exposure to environmental contaminants, and fuels disparities in COVID-19 outcomes.
  • 306
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
The Relationship between Phthalates and Diabetes
Since the beginning of their production, in the 1930s, phthalates have been widely used in the plastics industry to provide durability and elasticity to polymers that would otherwise be rigid, or as solvents in hygiene and cosmetic products. Taking into account their wide range of applications, it is easy to understand why their use has been increasing over the years, making them ubiquitous in the environment. This way, all living organisms are easily exposed to these compounds, which have already been classified as endocrine disruptor compounds (EDC), affecting hormone homeostasis. Along with this increase in phthalate-containing products, the incidence of several metabolic diseases has also been rising, namely diabetes. 
  • 304
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Specific Foods and Cancer Mortality
Many cancers are associated with poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excess weight. Improving any of these three lifestyle factors would likely reduce cancer deaths. 
  • 298
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Spectrum of Bisphenols and Phthalates as Endocrine Disruptors
Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the type of diet, calorie intake and the lack of physical exercise, data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A, phthalates and their analogs, and obesity. EDCs represent a heterogeneous group of chemicals that may influence the hormonal regulation of body mass and adipose tissue morphology.
  • 295
  • 10 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Contamination by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Hospital Toilets
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria can spread in the healthcare setting by different ways. The most important are direct contact transmission occurring when an individual comes into physical contact with an infected or colonized patient (which can involve healthcare workers, patients, or visitors) and indirect contact transmission occurring when a person touches contaminated objects or surfaces in the hospital environment. Different sites in restrooms, from toilets and hoppers to drains and siphons, can become contaminated with MDR bacteria that can persist there for long time periods. Therefore, shared toilets may play an important role in the transmission of nosocomial infections since they could represent a reservoir for MDR bacteria. Such pathogens can be further disseminated by bioaerosol and/or droplets potentially produced during toilet use or flushing and be transmitted by inhalation and contact with contaminated fomites.
  • 293
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
LGBT Persons, COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS
COVID-19 has often been described as the first pandemic in over a century. In fact, there have been others, including the Spanish Flu of 1918–1920, tuberculosis in the late 19th century; polio in the 1950s; SARS in 2002; the H1N1 influenza pandemic in 2009–2010; and HIV/AIDS, first identified in the early 1980s and continuing as a major public health issue. These previous epidemics and pandemics exist as context for many of those now confronting COVID-19.
  • 291
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Evacuation Solutions for Individuals with Functional Limitations
The built environment continues to become increasingly accessible to people with disabilities, yet there remains a lack of focus on how these individuals are evacuated in emergencies. Studies highlight the importance of tailoring solutions to the needs of individuals with different functional limitations. There are six main evacuation solution types: notification, wayfinding, egress, building design, strategy, and training programs. 
  • 289
  • 31 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Respiratory Toxicology of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials
Graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) consist of a single or few layers of graphene sheets or modified graphene including pristine graphene, graphene nanosheets (GNS), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), as well as graphene modified with various functional groups or chemicals (e.g., hydroxyl, carboxyl, and polyethylene glycol), which are frequently used in industrial and biomedical applications owing to their exceptional physicochemical properties.
  • 286
  • 29 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Indoor Environmental Quality, Pupils’ Health, and Academic Performance
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) relates to the conditions that exist within a building; these include indoor air quality (IAQ), thermal conditions, visual (e.g., lighting) and aural (e.g., noise) comfort, and their potential effects on building occupants. Classrooms have more students per square meter than other buildings such as offices, making them more crowded. Poor IEQ has been shown to influence learning and concentration, as well as impact the long-term health of students. A continuous classroom IEQ research review and appraisal are needed to summarize existing knowledge, which can help other researchers avoid research duplication and identify research gaps for future studies.
  • 282
  • 01 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Health Challenges of Military Personnel and Veterans
Military personnel and veterans meet unique health challenges that stem from the complex interplay of their service experiences, the nature of warfare, and their interactions with both military and civilian healthcare systems.
  • 282
  • 14 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Potential Therapies for Long COVID-19 Syndrome
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), instigated by the zoonotic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), rapidly transformed from an outbreak in Wuhan, China, into a widespread global pandemic. A significant post-infection condition, known as ‘long- COVID-19′ (or simply ‘long- COVID’), emerges in a substantial subset of patients, manifesting with a constellation of over 200 reported symptoms that span multiple organ systems. This condition, also known as ‘post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection’ (PASC), presents a perplexing clinical picture with far-reaching implications, often persisting long after the acute phase.
  • 279
  • 21 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Coping Strategies in Italian Teachers after COVID-19
Teaching is a mentally and physically demanding profession that can be a source of stress and burnout. The COVID-19 pandemic put further pressure on teachers who had to face sudden challenges, such as online teaching and difficulties in holding students’ attention in virtual environments. Research has demonstrated that the negative effects of stress factors on teachers’ wellbeing can be modulated by coping strategies. 
  • 271
  • 20 Feb 2024
Topic Review
New Treatments and Challenging Nutritional Interventions of SCD
Sickle cell disease (SCD), is a congenital blood disorder characterized by considerable phenotypic diversity. It comprises a group of disorders, with sickle cell anemia (SCA) being the most prevalent and serious genotype.
  • 267
  • 23 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Urban Parks Valued by Residents on Social Media
With the rise of the Internet, more and more people are recording and sharing their recreational experiences through social media platforms, which generates a large amount of real and effective data. Therefore, the use of big data technology to obtain information about people’s perceptions of park recreation offers the possibility for assessing environmental perceptions more comprehensively and objectively.
  • 256
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Unveiling Therapeutic Targets for Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer (EC) is defined by an uncontrolled growth of tissues in the muscular hollow channel separating the throat from the stomach known as the esophageal wall. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) are the two primary histological forms.
  • 254
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Iodine Deficiency Affecting Fetal Brain Development
An asymptomatic mild to moderate iodine deficiency and/or isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia might affect the development of the embryonal/fetal brain. There is sufficient evidence underlining the importance of an adequate iodine supply for all women of childbearing age in order to prevent negative mental and social consequences for their children. An additional threat to the thyroid hormone system is the ubiquitous exposure to endocrine disrupters, which might exacerbate the effects of iodine deficiency in pregnant women on the neurocognitive development of their offspring. 
  • 247
  • 07 Aug 2023
Topic Review
COVID-19 Pandemic And Mental Health
When “hijacked” by compulsive behaviors that affect the reward and stress centers of the brain, functional changes in the dopamine circuitry occur as the consequence of pathological brain adaptation. As a brain correlate of mental health, dopamine has a central functional role in behavioral regulation from healthy reward-seeking to pathological adaptation to stress in response to adversity.
  • 244
  • 21 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Non-Coding RNAs in Oral Cancer
Oral cancer (OC) is among the most prevalent cancers in the world. Certain geographical areas are disproportionately affected by OC cases due to the regional differences in dietary habits, tobacco and alcohol consumption. However, conventional therapeutic methods do not yield satisfying treatment outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the disease process and to develop diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OC.
  • 243
  • 03 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2 in South African Population
The unprecedented spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in the urgent need for rapid and reliable diagnostic tests. Accurately diagnosing individuals with infection was paramount to limit the transmission of the virus and to reduce morbidity and mortality.
  • 242
  • 08 Dec 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 20
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback