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Topic Review
Polymers for Tissue Engineering
Tissue Engineering (TE) is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses materials science in combination with biological and engineering sciences. Polymeric porous scaffolds play a critical role in TE strategies for providing a favorable environment for tissue restoration and establishing the interaction of the biomaterial with cells and inducing substances.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Biomimetic Smart Materials
Biomimicry, rooted in emulating nature’s sophisticated solutions, serves as the foundational framework for developing materials endowed with remarkable characteristics, including adaptability, responsiveness, and self-transformation. These advanced engineered biomimetic materials, featuring attributes such as shape memory and self-healing properties, undergo rigorous synthesis and characterization procedures, with the overarching goal of seamless integration into the field of additive manufacturing. The resulting synergy between advanced manufacturing techniques and nature-inspired materials promises to revolutionize the production of objects capable of dynamic responses to environmental stimuli. Extending beyond the confines of laboratory experimentation, these self-transforming objects hold significant potential across diverse industries, showcasing innovative applications with profound implications for object design and fabrication. Through the reduction of waste generation, minimization of energy consumption, and the reduction of environmental footprint, the integration of biomaterials, biopolymers, and additive manufacturing signifies a pivotal step towards fostering ecologically conscious design and manufacturing practices. Within this context, inanimate three-dimensional objects will possess the ability to transcend their static nature and emerge as dynamic entities capable of evolution, self-repair, and adaptive responses in harmony with their surroundings. The confluence of biomimicry and additive manufacturing techniques establishes a seminal precedent for a profound reconfiguration of contemporary approaches to design, manufacturing, and ecological stewardship, thereby decisively shaping a more resilient and innovative global milieu.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Thiolated-Polymer-Based Nanoparticles
Thiomers (or thiolated polymers) have broken through as avant-garde approaches in anticancer therapy. Their distinguished reactivity and properties, closely linked to their final applications, justify the extensive research conducted on their preparation and use as smart drug-delivery systems (DDSs).
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Peroxidase Mimetic Nanozymes in Cancer
Peroxidase (POD) mimetic nanozymes converts endogenous H2O2 to water (H2O) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a hypoxic tumor microenvironment is a fascinating approach.
  • 1.1K
  • 31 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Approaches to Overcoming Existing Barriers of Curcumin
Turmeric contains curcumin, a naturally occurring compound with noted anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may help fight cancer. Curcumin is readily available, nontoxic, and inexpensive. At high doses, it has minimal side effects, suggesting it is safe for human use. However, curcumin has extremely poor bioavailability and biodistribution, which further hamper its clinical applications. It is commonly administered through oral and transdermal routes in different forms, where the particle size is one of the most common barriers that decreases its absorption through biological membranes on the targeted sites and limits its clinical effectiveness.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Biogenic Synthesis of Nanomaterials as Nanofertilizers
Nanotechnology is critically dependent on the usage of biosynthetic or “green” technologies, which are inexpensive, environmentally friendly, and produce minimal contamination.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Microalgae Photo-Protectants for Skin Applications
Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms known for producing valuable metabolites under different conditions such as extreme temperatures, high salinity, osmotic pressure, and ultraviolet radiation. Microalgae can produce organic metabolites, such as sporopollenin, scytonemin, and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)  to mention a few, and these metabolites have the purpose to protect the microalgae from ultraviolet (UV) radiation while allowing visible radiation involved in photosynthesis to pass through. This characteristic allows some microalgae to be tolerant to UV rays. The understanding of these secondary metabolites produced by algae has led to the creation of promising industrially relevant compounds. The growing concern regarding the ecologically and dermatologically noxious implications of current sun protectants has brought with it the need for a safer alternative. MAAs are the most studied photo-protectant in marine organisms due to their relevance. They are abundant in various aquatic and terrestrial environments and are known for being eco-sustainable compounds since they are the outcome of the evolution of algae. Unlike their synthetic counterparts used unconventional sunscreens, there are no possibilities for pollution caused by them. Thus, algal metabolites shape the safety and sustainability profiles of commercial sunscreens.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Hydrogels via Diels–Alder Crosslinking
The Diels–Alder (DA) reaction is a promising tool for obtaining covalently crosslinked hydrogels due to its reaction bioorthogonality, the absence of by-products, and the application of mild conditions without a catalyst. The resulting hydrogels are in demand for use in various fields of materials science and biomedicine.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Lipid-Based Nano-Systems
Lipid-based delivery systems can be similarly designed to encapsulate and protect bioactive ingredients and enhance their functionality, stability, and bioavailability. Lipid-based delivery systems are composed of lipids such as triglycerides, phospholipids, and waxes, which form a stable matrix that can encapsulate various types of bioactive ingredients such as vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Biomaterials in 3D Cell Culture
The process of evaluating the efficacy and toxicity of drugs is important in the production of new drugs to treat diseases. Testing in humans is the most accurate method, but there are technical and ethical limitations. To overcome these limitations, various models have been developed in which responses to various external stimuli can be observed to help guide future trials. In particular, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture has a great advantage in simulating the physical and biological functions of tissues in the human body. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Biomimetically Mineralized Composite Materials
Chitosan-Based Biomimetically Mineralized Composite Materials is a kind of  organic-inorganic composite materials fabricated by biomimetic mineralization technology using chitosan as a organic scaffold or template.
  • 1.1K
  • 18 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Marine Verongiid Demosponge Lanthella Basta
Marine sponges were among the first multicellular organisms on our planet and have survived to this day thanks to their unique mechanisms of chemical defense and the specific design of their skeletons, which have been optimized over millions of years of evolution to effectively inhabit the aquatic environment. Ianthella basta (Pallas, 1766) is one of the largest, fan-shaped marine demosponges that can reach up to 2.5 m both in height; and the body of which is a micro-reticular, durable structure that determines the ideal filtration function of this organism. Calcite biomineral is responsible for nano-tuning the chitinous skeletal fibers of this sponge species.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Promoting Drug Permeation
Chitosan is the product of N-deacetylation of chitin. Due to the simultaneous presence of amino, acetamido, and hydroxyl groups in the molecule, chitosan is quite active in nature and can be modified, activated, and coupled, showing rich functionality and modifiability in biological applications. As the only polycationic polymer of natural origin, chitosan is capable of interacting with negatively charged cell membranes to assist the loading of drugs across the cell membrane.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Lyotropic Liquid Crystals for Efficient Intestinal Lymphatic Targeting
Lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are liquids that have crystalline structures. LLCs as drug delivery systems that can deliver hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic agents. Due to their unique phases and structures, LLCs can protect both small molecules and biologics from the gastrointestinal tract’s harsh environment, thus making LLCs attractive as carriers for oral drug delivery.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Collagen Alignment via Electro-Compaction for Biofabrication Applications
Collagen is the most prevalent structural protein in the extracellular matrix, resulting in the biopolymer being extensively investigated for biofabrication-based applications. However, its utilisation has been impeded due to a lack of sufficient mechanical toughness and the inability of the scaffolds to mimic complex natural tissues. The anisotropic alignment of collagen has been proven to be an effective method to enhance overall mechanical properties and produce biomimetic scaffolds. The alignment of collagen can be achieved by several methods, namely, gravity and extrusion-based fluidic alignment, static magnetic alignment, magnetic-flow alignment, cell-based stress-induced self-alignment, electrospinning, and electrophoretic-based electro-compaction (EC). Each existing approach of aligning collagen is described and compared with a sharper focus on electro-compaction.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Bioapplications of Amphiphilic Janus Dendrimers
Amphiphilic Janus dendrimers (JDs) can be defined as dendritic macromolecules made of two dendrons with opposite polarities, which either differ from each other by their terminal groups, or their structures differ entirely. Amphiphilic JDs are named following a more or less general scheme that encompass in this order, the lipophilic dendrons, the core if exists, and the hydrophilic dendrons. The unique architectures of amphiphilic Janus dendrimers, with multifunctional terminal groups, different structures of branches in a single molecule (beside the capacity of self-assembly in aqueous media forming dendrimersomes, which in turn benefit from properties like predictable size and thickness, stability and biocompatibility), constitute premises for a wide range of biomedical applications where conventional dendrimers have failed.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Magnetic Nanomaterials on Biological Neural signals
By sending electrical, optical, chemical, auditory, or magnetic stimuli to specific neural tissue, a process known as neuromodulation may be used to alter neuronal activity. Through active research efforts, the development of nanotechnology has recently revolutionized neuromodulation techniques. On the one hand, the adaptable nano-science toolbox promoted neuromodulation techniques that were previously associated with huge devices toward shrunk devices with soft mechanics, closely packed components, and long-lasting performance. The neurological issue may be seamlessly integrated with these nanoscale instruments due to their enhanced spatial resolution and precise targeting capabilities. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles represent a significant aspect of magnetic neuromodulation development. Deep brain stimulation is possible with the use of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, which can be delivered to the brain and controlled remotely. Additionally, by regulating certain ion channels, force-generating or heat-dissipating super-paramagnetic nanoparticles can be employed for wireless neuromodulation. Specific cells’ ion channels are targeted by taking advantage of their inherent functionality or via genetic modification. Magnetic nanoparticles’ magnetic forces activate mechanosensitive channels, such as TREK1 and Piezo1, and magnetic nanoparticles that produce heat in response to an external alternating magnetic field can activate heat-sensitive ion channels, such as TRPV1.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Fugitive Dust
Fugitive dust is a serious threat to unpaved road users from a safety and health point of view. Dust suppressing materials or dust suppressants are often employed to lower the fugitive dust. Currently, many dust suppressants are commercially available and are being developed for various applications. 
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Mar 2021
Topic Review
SIBS-Based Biocompatible Nanocomposites
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into poly(styrene-block-isobutyleneblock-styrene) (SIBS) to investigate the physical characteristics of the resulting nanocomposite and its cytotoxicity to endothelial cells. CNTs were dispersed in chloroform using sonication following the addition of a SIBS solution at different ratios. We observed an uneven distribution of CNTs in the polymer matrix with sporadic bundles of interwoven nanotubes. Increasing the CNT content from 0 wt% to 8 wt% led to an increase in the tensile strength of SIBS films from 4.69 to 16.48 MPa. The engineering normal strain significantly decreased in 1 wt% SIBS–CNT films in comparison with the unmodified samples, whereas a further increase in the CNT content did not significantly affect this parameter. The incorporation of CNT into the SIBS matrix resulted in increased hydrophilicity, whereas no cytotoxicity towards endothelial cells was noted. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Titanium Foils
Titanium membranes used as barrier element in guided bone regeneration procedures. These membranes prevent the penetration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts and allow access to the bone defect of osteogenic and stem cells originating from the native bone. They have different formats, from a titanium sheet to be formed intraoperatively to a custom-made occlusive barrier from a previous computed tomography scan of the bone defect.
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Dec 2020
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