You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Wavelength-Routed Optical Networks-on-Chip Topology
Optical networks-on-chip (NoCs) have emerged as a next-generation solution to overcome the limitations of electrical NoCs. In particular, wavelength-routed optical networks-on-chip (WRONoCs) are well known for their high bandwidth and ultra-low signal delay. Despite these advantages, WRONoCs are challenged by reliability concerns, because the main components in WRONoCs, i.e., microring resonators (MRRs), are susceptible to fabrication inaccuracies. When an MRR along a signal path is defective, the signal transmitted on that path will fail to reach its designated destination, which leads to transmission errors and data loss. 
  • 617
  • 06 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Air Quality-Related Parameter Forecasting Using Soft Computing Techniques
Air is one of the main factors that maintain the balance of the earth’s environment. The World’s Air Pollution: Real-Time Air Quality Index clearly indicates the recent air pollution levels of the earth. Machine learning algorithms such as random forest (RF), linear regression (LR), and support vector regression (SVR) play an essential role as traditional algorithms for regression purposes.
  • 610
  • 15 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sugarcane Supply Chain in the Brazilian Midwest Region
The sugarcane supply chain is one of the main contributors to economic development in many countries. However, it is necessary to consider the relationship of this supply chain with the environment in order to reduce/mitigate adverse environmental impacts. Using fertilizers and pesticides and burning crops during harvest severely threaten the sustainability of this supply chain.
  • 607
  • 08 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Dye-Wastewater Valorization Using Up-Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactors
Dye-containing effluent generated in textile industries is polluting and complex wastewater. It should be managed adequately before its final destination. The up-flow anaerobic blanket (UASB) reactor application is an ecofriendly and cost-competitive treatment. 
  • 604
  • 28 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Grouping Sensors in Wireless Sensor Networks
As sensor nodes communicate via wireless channels, information security is essential for wireless sensor networks. Efficient protection mechanisms to ensure data security among nodes are critical.
  • 596
  • 07 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Internet-of-Things- and Cloud-Based System for Resource Reclamation
IoT-based smart e-waste management is an emerging field that combines technology and environmental sustainability. E-waste is a growing problem worldwide, as discarded electronics can have negative impacts on the environment and public health. E-waste refers to repudiated electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones and other electronic equipment, that are at the verge of their efficacious use.
  • 596
  • 25 Jul 2023
Topic Review
LEED-NC-Certified Projects in Germany
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is one of the most well-known environmental rating systems; developed in the United States, it has been widely adopted around the world.
  • 596
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Energy Harvesting Opportunities in Geoenvironmental Engineering
Energy harvesting (EH)—or energy scavenging—methods and technologies have been developed to reduce the dependence on traditional energy sources, namely fossil fuels, and nuclear power, also responding to the increase in energy demands for human activities and to fulfill sustainable development goals. EH in geoenvironmental works and the surrounding soil and water environment includes a set of processes for capturing and accumulating energy from several sources considered wasted or unusable associated with soil dynamics; the stress and strain of geomaterials, hydraulic, vibrations, biochemical, light, heating and wind sources can be potential EH systems. 
  • 595
  • 03 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Microalgae and Photolysis as New Energy Technologies
Because of the near-term risk of extreme weather events and other adverse consequences from climate change and, at least in the longer term, global fossil fuel depletion, there is worldwide interest in shifting to noncarbon energy sources, especially renewable energy (RE). Because of possible limitations on conventional renewable energy sources, researchers have looked for ways of overcoming these shortcomings by introducing radically new energy technologies. The largest RE source is bioenergy, while solar energy and wind energy are regarded as having by far the largest technical potential.
  • 587
  • 21 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Decarbonization of Power and Industrial Sectors
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the single largest contributor to climate change due to its increased emissions since global industrialization began. Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU) is regarded as a promising strategy to mitigate climate change, reducing the atmospheric concentration of CO2 from power and industrial activities. Post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) is necessary to implement CCSU into existing facilities without changing the combustion block. In general, membrane separation is found to be the most competitive technique in conventional absorption as long as the highly-performed membrane materials and the technology itself reach the full commercialization stage.
  • 583
  • 20 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Enhancing Extracellular Electron Transfer in Environmental Biotechnology
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a biological mechanism that plays a crucial role in various bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) and has substantial implications for renewable energy production. By utilizing the metabolic capacities of exoelectrogens, BESs offer a viable and environmentally friendly approach to electricity generation and chemical production; however, the diminished effectiveness of EET remains a hindrance to their optimal application in practical contexts.
  • 580
  • 07 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Electrocatalytic Reactions for Converting CO2 to Value-Added Products
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are an important environmental issue that causes greenhouse and climate change effects on the earth. Nowadays, CO2 has various conversion methods to be a potential carbon resource, such as photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photo-electrocatalytic. CO2 conversion into value-added products has many advantages, including facile control of the reaction rate by adjusting the applied voltage and minimal environmental pollution. The development of efficient electrocatalysts and improving their viability with appropriate reactor designs is essential for the commercialization of this environmentally friendly method.
  • 566
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
The Evolving Nature of Thermal Conversion Process
The environment today is confronted by an unending cascade of global anthropogenic and ecosystem-based challenges. Biomass is considered to have the potential to be utilized as an alternative energy source. The conversion of the high carbon content of biomass through thermochemical treatment resulted in better fuel properties of biochar production. Understanding the underlying thermal conversion process principles alongside the associated/exhibited operational challenges that are specific to biomass types is crucial for beginners.
  • 552
  • 18 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Adverse Impact of Additive Carbon Material on Microorganisms
Biochar could be a brilliant additive supporting the anaerobic fermentation process. However, it should be taken into account that in some cases it could also be harmful to microorganisms responsible for biogas production. The negative impact of carbon materials could be a result of an overdose of biochar, high biochar pH, increased arsenic mobility in the methane fermentation solution caused by the carbon material, and low porosity of some carbon materials for microorganisms. 
  • 537
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Principles of Nutrient Recovery in BESs Using Membranes
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have emerged as a technology that is able to recover resources from different kinds of substrates, especially wastewater. Nutrient recovery, mostly based on membrane reactor configuration, is a clear niche for BES application. The recovery of nitrogen or phosphorus allows for treatment of wastewater while simultaneously collecting a concentrated stream with nutrients that can be reintroduced into the system, becoming a circular economy solution. 
  • 526
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Climate Change-Related Disaster Risk Mitigation
Instead of addressing the disaster’s underlying risk, the traditional disaster insurance strategy largely focuses on providing financial security for asset recovery after a disaster. This constraint becomes especially concerning as the threat of climate-related disasters grows since it may result in rising long-term damage expenditures.
  • 526
  • 22 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Passenger Cars Driven on Hilly Roads in Austria
Previous studies of road or railway infrastructures have shown that traffic emissions outweigh the environmental impacts of the product stage and construction stage over the entire life cycle. Traffic usage is therefore the main emitter over the life cycle (A1–C4). Due to the small number of sustainability assessment systems, the question of how to consider traffic emissions in detail in an integral life cycle assessment has arisen.
  • 501
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Green Roofs in Green Infrastructure
Green infrastructure (GI) has emerged as a potent strategy to mitigate climate change’s impacts. GI constitutes a network of green spaces encompassing public and private areas, managed as an integrated system to deliver multifarious benefits. This hybrid infrastructure amalgamates green spaces and conventional systems, including forests, wetlands, parks, green roofs, and walls, to bolster ecosystem resilience and furnish ecosystem services, benefiting both the environment and humans.
  • 474
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Electromagnetic Fields Exposure
In different situations, electromagnetic fields (EMF) are consumed every day in several sociable purposes. Additionally, they are employed securely in medical treatments. Conversely, when these fields are operated inadvertently, it can crop unfavorable outcomes. These consequences are intimately linked to the type of the EMF and the exposed substance. The strength of the field as well as its frequency typify EMF, whereas the physical and geometric properties describe matter.
  • 473
  • 10 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Critical Risk Factors of Implementing Public–Private Partnership Projects
Due to the fact that risks can cause project delays and increase project implementation costs, successful construction project completion requires effective and holistic risk management. Identification and evaluation of critical risk factors (CRFs) associated with different types of projects are the most significant components of accurate risk management.
  • 451
  • 07 Dec 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 16
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback