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Topic Review
Stem Cells Radiation-Induced Regenerative Response
Radiotherapy is involved in the treatment of many cancers, but damage induced to the surrounding normal tissue is often inevitable. Evidence suggests that the maintenance of homeostasis and regeneration of normal tissues is driven by specific adult tissue stem/progenitor cells. These tasks involve the input from several signaling pathways. Irradiation also targets these stem/progenitor cells, triggering a cellular response aimed at achieving tissue regeneration.  
  • 1.1K
  • 03 Mar 2021
Topic Review
HiPSCs-Derived Exosomes
Exosomes have emerged as an important paracrine factor for iPSCs to repair injured cells through the delivery of bioactive components. Animal reports of iPSC-derived exosomes on various disease models are increasing, such as in heart, limb, liver, skin, bone, eye and neurological disease and so forth.
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Histology-Based Detection of Microsatellite Instability
Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a molecular marker of deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) that is found in approximately 15% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Target antigens for Approved ADCs
Biologically-based therapies increasingly rely on the endocytic cycle of internalization and exocytosis of target receptors for cancer therapies. However, receptor trafficking pathways (endosomal sorting (recycling, lysosome localization) and lateral membrane movement) are often dysfunctional in cancer. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have revitalized the concept of targeted chemotherapy by coupling inhibitory antibodies to cytotoxic payloads. Significant advances in ADC technology and format, and target biology have hastened the FDA approval of nine ADCs (four since 2019). Although the links between aberrant endocytic machinery and cancer are emerging, the impact of dysregulated internalization processes of ADC targets and response rates or resistance have not been well studied. This is despite the reliance on ADC uptake and trafficking to lysosomes for linker cleavage and payload release. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Neuroprotective Potential of Mild Uncoupling
The term uncoupling is used concerning the situation when a proton bypasses ATP synthase and electron transport becomes disconnected from the process of ATP synthesis due to a short-circuit of the membrane potential existing across the membrane. It also applies to mitochondria, where uncoupling causes a loss of the tight association of oxidation of respiratory substrates and ATP synthesis. Generally speaking, uncouplers exert their action by organizing a proton leak in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which jeopardizes the generation of the proton motive force.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances
Fixed orthodontic appliances consist of archwires, brackets, and ligatures. During treatment, the archwires are ligated into the slot of the bracket. The most commonly used materials from which parts of fixed appliances are manufactured are alloys of stainless steel (SS) and nickel-nitanium (NiTi) because of their advantageous mechanical properties.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Nutrition/Exercise in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers
Malnutrition and muscle wasting are associated with impaired physical functioning and quality of life in oncology patients. Patients diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are considered at high risk of malnutrition and impaired function. Due to continuous improvement in upper GI cancer survival rates, there has been an increased focus on multimodal interventions aimed at minimizing the adverse effects of cancer treatments and enhancing survivors’ quality of life. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Flavonoids and Curcuminoids for CTCs
Cancer, especially in metastatic stages is a dangerous  disease with high mortality. Majority of deaths of oncology patients are not caused by the primary tumour, but by metastasis. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs, one most potent metastatic factor)  are seen not only as an isolated phenomenon but also a key inherent part of the formation of metastasis and a key factor in cancer death. Low-toxicity natural anticancer such as curcuminoids and flavonoids), are promising agents for targeting CTC spreading. Their potential is discussed in the context of key mechanisms of tumour biology with a strong influence on CTC spread and metastasis (mechanisms related to tumour-associated and -infiltrating cells, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and migration of cancer cells).
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Neck-Tongue Syndrome
Neck-tongue syndrome (NTS) is rare, and characterized by unilateral upper neck or occipital pain and paresthesia in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the tongue due to neck movement. Treatment for NTS is mainly conservative. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Thymoquinone in Chemotherapy
Thymoquinone (2-Isopropl-5-methyl benzo-1,4-quinone) is an active component of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa (black seeds). Other than the Ranunculaceae family (N. sativa), this compound has been detected in other families such as Lamiaceae (Modernadidyma, M. menthifolia, etc.), Asteraceae (Eupatorium cannabinum), and Cupressaceae (Juniperus communis).
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Plant Extracts on P. digitatum and P. italicum
Citrus fruits are subjected to a diversity of postharvest diseases caused by various pathogens during picking, packing, storage and transportation. Green and blue molds, caused by Penicillium digitatum and Penicillium italicum, respectively, are two major postharvest citrus diseases and cause significant economic losses during the commercialization phase.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Combined Biological Therapy for Refractory Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Current medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) does not achieve 100% response rates, and a subset of refractory and severely ill patients have persistent active disease after being treated with all possible drug alternatives. Ustekinumab plus vedolizumab and vedolizumab plus anti-TNF were the most used biological therapies (CoT) for Crohn’s disease. For ulcerative colitis, the most used CoTs were vedolizumab plus anti-TNF and vedolizumab plus tofacitinib. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Nutritional Treatment Strategies of Thyroiditis of Hashimoto
Since the thyroid gland is one of the organs most affected by autoimmune processes, many patients with thyroiditis of Hashimoto (TH) seek medical advice on lifestyle variance and dietary modifications to improve and maintain their hyroid function. For most TH patients, the hormone-replacement therapy with levothyroxine is indispensable. Nevertheless, an appropriate dietary regimen and ecological lifestyle can complement the standard treatment and favor remission of TH by improving the function of the thyroid gland, as well as by regulating the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), antibodies to thyroid peroxidase (Ab-TPO) and thyroglobulin (Ab-Tg). Other less significant parameters may be a repercussion of healthier body reactions and improvement of life quality, such as better sleep and alertness. Compliance with nutritional guidelines with a focus on the prevailing anti-inflammatory diet and controlled vitamin D dosing may help individual TH patients to reduce the need for medicines, slow down the course of the disease, and avoid relapses.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 May 2022
Topic Review
Shrubification along Pipeline Corridors in Permafrost Regions
Pipeline corridors have been rapidly increasing in length and density because of the ever growing demand for crude oil and natural gas resources in hydrocarbon-rich permafrost regions. Pipeline engineering activities have significant implications for the permafrost environment in cold regions. Along these pipeline corridors, the shrubification in the right-of-way (ROW) has been extensively observed during vegetation recovery. 
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Green Tea Catechins in Chemoprevention for Prostate Cancer
Human PCa is a complex heterogeneous disease. The central driving forces of prostate carcinogenesis include acquisitions of diverse sets of hallmark capabilities, aberrant functioning of androgen receptor signaling, deregulation of vital cell physiological processes, inactivation of tumor-suppressive activity, and disruption of prostate gland-specific cellular homeostasis. Green tea is known for its health benefits deriving from molecules called green tea catechins (GTCs). GTCs have been demonstrated to influence molecular pathways to halt the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and may be of particular benefit to men with low-risk PCa who are placed on active surveillance. Administering GTCs may provide patients an opportunity to be actively engaged in their treatment and help prevent cancer progression. Importantly, the trillions of microbes in the gut (the gut microbiome) metabolize GTCs, making them more accessible to the body to exert their health effects. Additionally, the gut microbiome influences multiple other processes likely involved in PCa progression, including regulating inflammation, hormones, and other known/unknown pathways. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Latino Studies
Latino studies is an academic discipline which studies the experience of people of Hispanic ancestry in the United States. Closely related to other ethnic studies disciplines such as African-American studies, Asian American studies, and Native American studies, Latino studies critically examines the history, culture, politics, issues, and experiences of Hispanic people. Drawing from numerous disciplines such as sociology, history, literature, political science, religious studies and gender studies, Latino studies scholars consider a variety of perspectives and employ diverse analytical tools in their work.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
C-C and C-Heteroatom Bonds Construction
Acyl-containing organic compounds, including ketones, esters, amides, and so forth, are a huge library of widespread chemical feedstocks which play a vital role in countless fields such as pharmaceuticals, natural products, advanced materials, and fine chemicals.
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Small Interfering RNA in Inhibition of PCSK-9
Dyslipidemia is listed among important cardiovascular disease risk factors. Treating lipid disorders is difficult, and achieving desirable levels of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is essential in both the secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Statins became the basis of lipid-lowering therapy. Nevertheless, these drugs are often insufficient due to their side effects and restrictive criteria for achieving the recommended LDL-C values. Even the addition of other drugs, i.e., ezetimibe, does not help one achieve the target LDL-C. The discovery of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) discovery has triggered intensive research on a new class of protein-based drugs. The protein PCSK9 is located mainly in hepatocytes and is involved in the metabolism of LDL-C. In the beginning, antibodies against the PCSK9 protein, such as evolocumab, were invented. The next step was inclisiran. Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that inhibits the expression of PCSK9 by binding specifically to the mRNA precursor of PCSK9 protein and causing its degradation.
  • 1.1K
  • 02 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Chitosan-Based Nano-Smart Drug Delivery System in Breast Cancer
Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) have prospects as a revolutionary delivery system capable of enhancing anticancer drug activity and reducing negative impacts on normal cells. The use of smart drug delivery systems (SDDs) as delivering materials to improve the bioactivity of NPs and to understand the intricacies of breast cancer has garnered significant interest. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Alopecia
Chemotherapy causes substantial thinning or loss of hair, termed chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA), in approximately 65% of patients. CIA is ranked as one of the most distressing adverse effects of chemotherapy, but interventional options have been limited. Here we discuss scalp cooling, the only FDA-cleared method, and other options being tested, to prevent CIA.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Aug 2023
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