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Topic Review
Ocular Barriers
Innovative and new drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed to vehicle treatments and drugs to the ocular posterior segment and the retina. New formulations and technological developments, such as nanotechnology, novel matrices, and non-traditional treatment strategies, open new perspectives in this field.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Enhancing Collaborative Filtering-Based Recommender System Using Sentiment Analysis
Recommendation systems (RSs) are widely used in e-commerce to improve conversion rates by aligning product offerings with customer preferences and interests. While traditional RSs rely solely on numerical ratings to generate recommendations, these ratings alone may not be sufficient to offer personalized and accurate suggestions. To overcome this limitation, additional sources of information, such as reviews, can be utilized. However, analyzing and understanding the information contained within reviews, which are often unstructured data, is a challenging task. To address this issue, sentiment analysis (SA) has attracted considerable attention as a tool to better comprehend a user’s opinions, emotions, and attitudes.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
NF-κB Pathway Inhibitors in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
The NF-κB family is a group of transcription factors that play a pivotal role in regulating various biological processes, including immune responses, inflammation, cell survival, and cellular differentiation. The involvement of the NF-κB pathway in immune system responses, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal survival highlights its significance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Economic Effects of Drone Usage in Plant Protection
Drones equipped with thermal cameras can detect temperature differences in plants, which can be an early indicator of pests or diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Effects of Sacha Inchi on CVD Risk Factors
Plukenetia volubilis Linneo or Sacha Inchi (SI), a traditional natural remedy indigenous to Peru and Brazil, has garnered global attention due to its exceptional nutritional composition. Its protective effects against various non-communicable diseases, notably cardiovascular disease (CVD), have become a subject of interest in recent research. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Prostaglandin E2 Signaling in Pulmonary Hypertension
Mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As another well-known and extensively researched prostaglandins, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its downstream signaling have been found to play an important role in various biological processes. Emerging evidence has revealed that PGE2 and its receptors (i.e., EP1–4) are involved in the regulation of pulmonary vascular homeostasis and remodeling. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Percutaneous DVA (pDVA)
Percutaneous deep venous arterialization (DVA) is considered the last-chance treatment for ‘no-option’ patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Palliative amputation, which is linked to a high risk of peri-procedural and 1-year mortality, is thereby potentially avoided. Due to the lack of reproducibility and standardization of the procedure, DVA has been attempted in multiple settings using tools and techniques currently available (i.e., ‘off-label’). In studies where alternate techniques of venous arterialization have been used, technical and clinical success varied from 77% to 100% and from 29% to 75%, respectively.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Equuleus
Equuleus, Latin for "the little horse," is one of the 88 modern constellations recognized by the International Astronomical Union. Despite its small size and dim stars, Equuleus holds historical significance, dating back to ancient times when it was known as a separate constellation or asterism. Today, it remains a subtle yet intriguing feature of the night sky, nestled between the larger constellations of Pegasus and Delphinus.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Monocyte and Neutrophil Function Immunomonitoring in Critically-Ill Patients
Immune cells and mediators play a crucial role in the critical care setting but are understudied. It is clear that, for critically ill, one size does not fit all and that immune phenotyping of critically ill patients may allow the development of a more personalized approach with tailored immunotherapy for the specific patient. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Metabolism plays a fundamental role in both human physiology and pathology, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other tumors. Anabolic and catabolic processes do not only have energetic implications but are tightly associated with other cellular activities, such as DNA duplication, redox reactions, and cell homeostasis. PDAC displays a marked metabolic phenotype and the observed reduction in tumor growth induced by calorie restriction with in vivo models supports the crucial role of metabolism in this cancer type. The aggressiveness of PDAC might, therefore, be reduced by interventions on bioenergetic circuits. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Aug 2022
Topic Review
MYD88 Gene
MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a buildup of excessive fat in the liver that can lead to liver damage resembling the damage caused by alcohol abuse, but that occurs in people who do not drink heavily. The liver is a part of the digestive system that helps break down food, store energy, and remove waste products, including toxins. The liver normally contains some fat; an individual is considered to have a fatty liver (hepatic steatosis) if the liver contains more than 5 to 10 percent fat.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Catchment Resilience
Catchment resilience can be used as a unifying concept to explore the role of latent conditions that are triggered by hydro-hazards and their impact on exposed people or assets. Catchment resilience requires acknowledging the interactions between natural, technical, and social systems within a catchment, and considering feedbacks between exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of the catchment.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Herpesviruses and Human Cytomegalovirus
Herpesviruses are the causative agents of several diseases. Infections are generally mild or asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals.  In contrast, herpesvirus infections continue to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Few drugs are available for the treatment of human herpesvirus infections, mainly targeting the viral DNA polymerase. Moreover, no successful therapeutic options are available for the Epstein–Barr virus or human herpesvirus 8. Most licensed drugs share the same mechanism of action of targeting the viral polymerase and thus blocking DNA polymerization. Resistances to antiviral drugs have been observed for human cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. A new terminase inhibitor, letermovir, recently proved effective against human cytomegalovirus. However, the letermovir has no significant activity against other herpesviruses. New antivirals targeting other replication steps, such as capsid maturation or DNA packaging, and inducing fewer adverse effects are therefore needed. Targeting capsid assembly or DNA packaging provides additional options for the development of new drugs.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Chikungunya and Zika Viruses
Chikungunya and Zika viruses, both transmitted by mosquito vectors, have globally re-emerged over for the last 60 years and resulted in crucial social and economic concerns. Presently, there is no specific antiviral agent or vaccine against these debilitating viruses. Understanding viral–host interactions is needed to develop targeted therapeutics.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Pericytes
Pericytes are increasingly recognized as being important in the control of blood–brain barrier permeability and vascular flow. Research on this important cell type has been hindered by widespread confusion regarding the phenotypic identity and nomenclature of pericytes and other perivascular cell types. In addition, pericyte heterogeneity and mouse–human species differences have contributed to confusion.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Jun 2021
Topic Review
SARS-CoV-2 Detection from Surface Samples
Contaminated surfaces have been discussed as a possible source of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Under experimental conditions, SARS-CoV-2 can remain infectious on surfaces for several days. However, the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 detection on surfaces in healthcare settings and the public is currently not known. A systematic literature review was performed. On surfaces around COVID-19 cases in healthcare settings (42 studies), the SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection rates mostly were between 0% and 27% (Ct values mostly > 30). Detection of infectious SARS-CoV-2 was only successful in one of seven studies in 9.2% of 76 samples. Most of the positive samples were obtained next to a patient with frequent sputum spitting during sampling. Eight studies were found with data from public surfaces and RNA detection rates between 0% and 22.1% (Ct values mostly >30). Detection of infectious virus was not attempted. Similar results were found in samples from surfaces around confirmed COVID-19 cases in non-healthcare settings (7 studies) and from personal protective equipment (10 studies). Therefore, it seems plausible to assume that inanimate surfaces are not a relevant source for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. In public settings, the associated risks of regular surface disinfection probably outweigh the expectable health benefits.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Aβ Optical Imaging in AD
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a multifactorial, irreversible, and incurable neurodegenerative disease. The main pathological feature of AD is the deposition of misfolded β-amyloid protein (Aβ) plaques in the brain. The abnormal accumulation of Aβ plaques leads to the loss of some neuron functions, further causing the neuron entanglement and the corresponding functional damage, which has a great impact on memory and cognitive functions. The imaging techniques for the clinical AD diagnosis currently mainly include computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and so on. Compared with clinical imaging modalities, optical imaging possesses many advantages (e.g., noninvasiveness, high sensitivity, low cost, high imaging speed, and the ability to carry out three-dimensional imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution), allowing for the detection of biological processes at the cellular or molecular level.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Sepsis and HMGB1 Release
Sepsis remains a common cause of death in intensive care units, accounting for approximately 20% of total deaths worldwide. Its pathogenesis is partly attributable to dysregulated inflammatory responses to bacterial endotoxins (such as lipopolysaccharide, LPS), which stimulate innate immune cells to sequentially release early cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferons (IFNs)) and late mediators (such as high-mobility group box 1, HMGB1).  Below is a brief summary of the intricate mechanisms underlying the regulation of bacterial endotoxin-induced HMGB1 release.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Neuropeptide Y and Peptide YY
A description of immunomodulatory properties of neuropeptides NPY and PYY on macrophages in the context of cancer.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Oct 2021
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