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Topic Review
Harlequin Ichthyosis
Harlequin ichthyosis is a severe genetic disorder that mainly affects the skin.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Optimized-AODV For BLE Mesh Networks
The standard Bluetooth Low-Energy mesh networks assume the use of flooding for multihop communications. The flooding approach causes network overheads and delays due to continuous message broadcasting in the absence of a routing mechanism. Among the routing protocols, AODV is one of the most popular and robust routing protocol for wireless ad hoc networks. In this paper, we optimized the AODV protocol for Bluetooth Low-Energy communication to make it more efficient in comparison to the mesh protocol. With the proposed protocol (Optimized AODV (O-AODV)), we were able to achieve lower overheads, end-to-end delay, and average per-hop one-way delay in comparison to the BLE mesh (flooding) protocol and AODV protocol for all three scenarios (linear topology with ten nodes, multipath topology with six and ten nodes). In addition, the proposed protocol exhibited practically constant route requests and route reply setup times. Furthermore, the proposed protocol demonstrated a better Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) for O-AODV (84%) in comparison to AODV (71%), but lower than the PDR of the mesh (flooding) protocol with 93%. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Programmed DNA-Damage and Physiological DSBs
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are well known for their deleterious effects. Improper repair of these breaks can result in mutations, translocations and even loss of genetic material, which can later lead to tumor formation and cancer progression. There are many exogenous agents that can cause DSBs. DSBs can also emerge due to replication stress activated by inhibition of DNA synthesis and/or activation of oncogenes. This review aims to summarize what is known about DNA damage in its physiological context. In addition, we will examine the advancements of the past several years, which have made an impact on the study of genome landscape and its organization. 
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Snorkeling Strategy
Flooding is an important strategy for weed control in paddy rice fields. However, terrestrial weeds had evolved mechanisms of tolerance to flooding, resulting in new ‘snorkelling’ ecotypes. Several weeds, mainly weedy rice, have evolved submersion tolerance mechanisms, which could be called snorkelling strategy, which are strategies that guarantee its survival and perpetuation in flooded environments. Current advances in biotechnology present the possibility of using molecular tools to understand flooding tolerance and manipulate DNA and RNA for the development of modern snorkelling weed control methods 
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in the Brain
Inadequate energy production from mitochondria in neurons can lead to suboptimal signal transmission within the brain and other peripheral organs involved in energy homeostasis.
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Nov 2020
Topic Review
SADDAN
SADDAN (severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans) is a rare disorder of bone growth characterized by skeletal, brain, and skin abnormalities.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
COVID-19 Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis
Understanding the risks of COVID-19 in patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and their immune reactions is vital to analyze vaccine response dynamics. A systematic review on COVID-19 course and outcomes in patients receiving different DMTs was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Emerging data on SARS-CoV-2 vaccines was used to elaborate recommendations.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Solid Platelet-Rich Fibrin
Solid platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), consisting of coagulated plasma from fractionated blood, has been proposed to be a suitable carrier for recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) to target mesenchymal cells during bone regeneration.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Hydrogen Sulfide in Cancer
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a colorless, corrosive gas with a characteristic rotten egg smell, known for over 300 years as an environmental toxin [1]. High H2S concentrations cause damage in many organs, including the brain, kidneys, and lungs.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Brewing By-Products
Beer is one of the most widely consumed and popular beverages in the world, and is in first place when it comes to the most-consumed alcoholic beverages. The malting and brewing industries are characterized by the generation of large amounts of residues, which account for 85% of their total by-products. In general, these by-products are used as fertilizers, drained into the sewage as waste, or get incinerated. In line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the food industry is becoming more aware of environmental changes and the negative environmental impacts of their processes and outputs. Sustainable initiatives and enthusiasm for the circular economy have led the brewing industry to reduce its environmental impact through the valorization of its by-products, either by their reduction or their re-incorporation into production processes. These materials are still nutritious, so they can be successfully utilized in various sectors (pharmaceutical, food, biotechnological, etc.).
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Vitamin D and Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia (PE) is a set of clinical symptoms that appears after the 20th week of pregnancy. It is a multi-organ disease characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, and in the absence of proteinuria—an impairment of the functions of the internal organs. With regard to the multiple mechanisms of action of Vit D, its deficiency seems to be one of the possible factors conducive to PE development. It has been suggested that the consequence of low Vit D levels may be the appearance of an early, severe form of PE, and its supplementation may be a protective factor against its recurrence in subsequent pregnancies [232]. The relationship between Vit D and PE development may explain its impact on implantation, angiogenesis, and endothelial status, regulation of the immune response, effect on RAAS, and calcium metabolism. 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Fabrication of Composite Materials
Composite materials are widely applied in industrial and biomedical fields as structural materials due to their superior comprehensive properties, such as high strength, high stiffness, low weight, corrosion resistance, etc.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Oxi-Inflamm-Aging Related Cardiorenal Syndrome
Kidney failure is also a major cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Indeed, epidemiological studies have demonstrated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant risk for cardiovascular events independently of classical risk. 
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Global Forest Types
Forest types are generally identified using vegetation or land-use types. However, vegetation classifications less frequently consider the actual forest attributes within each type. To address this in an objective way across different regions and to link forest attributes with their climate, we aimed to improve the distribution of forest types to be more realistic and useful for biodiversity preservation, forest management, and ecological and forestry research. The forest types were classified using an unsupervised cluster analysis method by combining climate variables with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data.
  • 1.1K
  • 12 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Business Sustainable Development and Family Businesses
For companies, sustainable development generally represents a long-term business orientation towards social, economic and environmental well-being. The concept has gained momentum among researchers partly due to the necessity of finding a modern approach to business development that does not deprive the next generation of the opportunity to meet its own needs.
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Single B Cell Co-Expression Networks in Lung Cancer
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there is a pressing need for immunotherapy predictive biomarkers. The processes underlying B-cell dysfunction, as well as their prognostic importance in NSCLC, are unknown. This study presents novel insights on a dysregulated B cell network that promotes proliferation in epithelial cells in NSCLC. Within this network, a nine-gene signature demonstrated prognostic and predictive indications in more than 1400 NSCLC patients using their gene and protein expression profiles in bulk tumors. Multiple genes (HLA-DRA, HLA-DRB1, OAS1, and CD74) differentially expressed in NSCLC B cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, and tumor T cells had concordant prognostic indications at mRNA and protein expression levels. 
  • 1.1K
  • 28 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Performance Attenuation of Nano-Modified Concrete under High Temperature
The effect of nanoparticles on the hydration of cement depends not only on the type of material but also on the temperature. A certain amount of nanomaterials can effectively improve the mechanical properties of concrete, and when nano concrete is exposed to high temperatures, its internal structure and mechanisms are relatively altered. Under the temperature conditions studied of 40 °C to 70 °C, nano-SiO2 and nano-C-S-H shortened the induction period and the arrival time of the peak heat release rate of hydration, and nano-C-S-H also increased the peak heat release rate. The addition of nanoparticles and high temperatures led to the early production of hydrate layers. Emerging concepts propose inorganic insulation nanomaterials to reduce energy use and consumption and to plan and design green buildings. The science and engineering of nanotechnology have improved the high-temperature performance of concrete. The addition of nano-SiO2 can improve the role of the thermal insulation capacity of concrete, due to the dense internal structure, increasing the specific heat capacity and reducing the thermal diffusivity. Concrete in high-temperature areas is prone to structural damage and these damages seriously affect the service life of buildings. There is a need to conduct research and develop new nanomaterial-modified concrete with good mechanical properties and durability at high temperatures. NC and NS-modified concrete have a good evaluation in terms of economy and performance, because the constant deterioration of extreme high-temperature environments on concrete is a long-term impact, while whether nano concrete has a lot of resistance is based on the effects of fire and internal ambient temperature. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Strawberry Biostimulation
Plant biostimulation consists of using or applying physical, chemical, or biological stimuli that trigger a response—called induction or elicitation—with a positive effect on crop growth, development, and quality. Biostimulation provides tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress, and more absorption and accumulation of nutrients, favoring the metabolism of the plants. The strawberry is a highly appreciated fruit for its high organoleptic and nutraceutical qualities since it is rich in phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, in addition to being a product with high commercial value.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Circular Economy and Circular Business Model
Circular business models (CBMs) are integral to the concept of the circular economy (CE). 
  • 1.1K
  • 17 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Wheat Dwarf Virus and Disease
Wheat dwarf disease (WDD) is an important disease of monocotyledonous species, including economically important cereals. The causative pathogen, wheat dwarf virus (WDV), is persistently transmitted mainly by the leafhopper Psammotettix alienus and can lead to high yield losses. Due to climate change, the periods of vector activity increased, and the vectors have spread to new habitats, leading to an increased importance of WDV in large parts of Europe. In the light of integrated pest management, cultivation practices and the use of resistant/tolerant host plants are currently the only effective methods to control WDV.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Oct 2023
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