You're using an outdated browser. Please upgrade to a modern browser for the best experience.
Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort by:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
High Entropy Alloys for Energy Conversion and Storage
The multicomponent alloys with nearly equal concentration of components are known as high entropy alloys (HEAs). The HEAs quickly became very important in materials science due to their unique properties. Nowadays, the HEAs are frequently used in energy conversion and storage applications. HEAs can consist of five, six or more components. Plasma cladding permits coating of the large surfaces of cheap substrates with (often expensive) HEAs and to enlarge, in such a way, their application area. The large-area coatings deposited by plasma cladding possess multiple advantages such as low thermal distortion, very high energy density, as well as low dilution of the substrate material. Plasma cladding ensures good metallurgical bonding between coating and substrate. The costs of operation and equipment are also very attractive. During plasma cladding, the mixed powders are blown by carrier gas into a plasma torch or are positioned on a substrate. 
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Predictive Maintenance of Ball Bearing Systems
In the era of Industry 4.0 and beyond, ball bearings remain an important part of industrial systems. The failure of ball bearings can lead to plant downtime, inefficient operations, and significant maintenance expenses.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Under-Expanded Jets in Advanced Propulsion Systems
The current ongoing rise in environmental pollution is leading research efforts toward the adoption of propulsion systems powered by gaseous fuels like hydrogen, methane, e-fuels, etc. Although gaseous fuels have been used in several types of propulsion systems, there are still many aspects that can be improved and require further study. For this reason, researchers considered it important to provide a review of the latest research topics, with a particular focus on the injection process. In advanced engine systems, fuel supply is achieved via enhanced direct injection into the combustion chamber. The latter involves the presence of under-expanded jets. Under-expanded jets are a particular kind of compressible flow.
  • 1.0K
  • 19 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Blood Flow in Microchannels
Blood flow in large arteries or biomedical devices can be treated as a homogenous fluid where its particulate nature can be ignored. However, in reality, blood is a suspension of deformable cells in a viscous fluid plasma. Hence, in microcirculation and microchannels, it is fundamental to take into account the effects of the multiphase properties of the blood and to study the blood flow behaviour at a cellular level. A clear example of the multiphase nature of the blood is the formation of a plasma layer (or cell-free layer) around the walls of the microchannels.
  • 997
  • 30 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Spin-Mechanics
Levitated spin-mechanics offers prospects for a wide range of applications in quantum science. The negatively charge NV− center in diamond is a system of choice because of its robustness, which partly explains its increasing use in present quantum technologies. Nevertheless, recent experimental implementations have raised some technical difficulties.
  • 992
  • 22 Jun 2021
Topic Review
DSResSol
Protein solubility is an important thermodynamic parameter that is critical for the characterization of a protein’s function, and a key determinant for the production yield of a protein in both the research setting and within industrial (e.g., pharmaceutical) applications. Experimental approaches to predict protein solubility are costly, time-consuming, and frequently offer only low success rates. To reduce cost and expedite the development of therapeutic and industrially relevant proteins, a highly accurate computational tool for predicting protein solubility from protein sequence is sought. While a number of in silico prediction tools exist, they suffer from relatively low prediction accuracy, bias toward the soluble proteins, and limited applicability for various classes of proteins. In this study, researchers developed a novel deep learning sequence-based solubility predictor, DSResSol, that takes advantage of the integration of squeeze excitation residual networks with dilated convolutional neural networks and outperforms all existing protein solubility prediction models. This model captures the frequently occurring amino acid k-mers and their local and global interactions and highlights the importance of identifying long-range interaction information between amino acid k-mers to achieve improved accuracy, using only protein sequence as input. DSResSol outperforms all available sequence-based solubility predictors by at least 5% in terms of accuracy when evaluated by two different independent test sets. Compared to existing predictors, DSResSol not only reduces prediction bias for insoluble proteins but also predicts soluble proteins within the test sets with an accuracy that is at least 13% higher than existing models. Researchers derive the key amino acids, dipeptides, and tripeptides contributing to protein solubility, identifying glutamic acid and serine as critical amino acids for protein solubility prediction. Overall, DSResSol can be used for the fast, reliable, and inexpensive prediction of a protein’s solubility to guide experimental design.
  • 992
  • 14 Jan 2022
Topic Review
The Optimal Configuration of Wave Energy Conversions
Ocean energy is one potential renewable energy alternative to fossil fuels that has a more significant power generation due to its better predictability and availability. In order to harness this source, wave energy converters (WECs) have been devised and used over the past several years to generate as much energy and power as is feasible. While it is possible to install these devices in both nearshore and offshore areas, nearshore sites are more appropriate places since more severe weather occurs offshore. Determining the optimal location might be challenging when dealing with sites along the coast since they often have varying capacities for energy production. Constructing wave farms requires determining the appropriate location for WECs, which may lead us to its correct and optimum design. The WEC size, shape, and layout are factors that must be considered for installing these devices. 
  • 990
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
IOT & Control Systems Used in EAHX
An IoT-based EAHX control system plan is used to optimize energy efficiency and thermal comfort to suit operating conditions under different time zones.
  • 986
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Parallel Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
For small structures on the scale of nanometers, the intermolecular van der Waals (vdW) interaction can play a leading role in some cases. Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown great application prospects in various fields with their excellent physical and mechanical properties.
  • 975
  • 13 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Laminar Jamming and Their Applications in Robotics
Robots with variable stiffness links are an emerging paradigm in robotics and have captured the interest of the scientific community in fields such as soft robotics and medical devices. Laminar jamming (LJ) is a promising technology for facilitating variable stiffness in robotics.
  • 969
  • 21 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Thermal Energy Storage for Solar Plants
To address the growing problem of pollution and global warming, it is necessary to steer the development of innovative technologies towards systems with minimal carbon dioxide production. Thermal storage plays a crucial role in solar systems as it bridges the gap between resource availability and energy demand, thereby enhancing the economic viability of the system and ensuring energy continuity during periods of usage. Thermal energy storage methods consist of sensible heat storage, which involves storing energy using temperature differences; latent heat storage, which utilizes the latent heat of phase change materials; and thermochemical heat storage, which utilizes reversible chemical reactions through thermochemical materials.
  • 966
  • 19 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Popular Carbon-based Thin Films and Their Lubrication Performances
To comply with the high demand for efficient and sustainable lubrications, in-situ carbon-based tribofilms and/or nanomaterials have emerged as a potential solution that can resolve the current major shortcomings of phosphorus- and sulphur-rich tribofilms and protective coatings. Although their employment is still in the early stages of realization and research, these tribofilms receive significant interest due to their capability to continuously and in situ repair/replenish themselves during sliding, which has been an ultimate goal of all moving mechanical systems. Structurally, these tribofilms are complex and predominantly amorphous or disordered with/without graphitic domains (e.g., graphene/graphite, onion-like carbon, etc.). Chemically, the compositions of these tribofilms can vary significantly with environments, conditions, and material precursors. 
  • 965
  • 21 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Thermophysical Property Assessment of Metal Oxide-Based Nanofluids
Energy consumption in the industrial sector can be significantly reduced by improving heat transfer rates in heat exchanger circuits, pool boiling, metal cutting industries, etc. Numerous energy-related issues can be overcome to a large extent by improving heat flow properties by utilizing nanofluids. As to the improvement in thermophysical properties of metal oxide-based nanofluids, key parameters affecting the thermophysical properties of nanofluids, such as particle volume fraction, temperature, particle size and various stabilizers, were involved. The importance of DLVO theory and zeta potential to control the electrostatic repulsion and pH values of nanofluids for stable nanofluid formulations were highlighted. It has been observed that classical theories of thermal conductivity and viscosity cannot predict exact values for a wide range of variables. Therefore, various extensive correlations have been introduced to predict the thermophysical properties of nanofluids.
  • 964
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Applications of Fluidic Type Strain Sensors
Flexible strain sensors with high sensitivity, wide sensing range, and excellent long-term stability are highly anticipated due to their promising potential in user-friendly electronic skins, interactive wearable systems, and robotics.
  • 956
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Thermal Conductivity Techniques
Conventional thermal fluids have found limited application owing to low thermal conductivity (TC). The need for more efficient fluids has become apparent leading to the development of nanofluids as advanced thermal fluids. Nanofluid synthesis by suspending nano-size materials into conventional thermal fluids to improve thermal properties has been extensively studied. TC is a pivotal property to the utilization of nanofluids in various applications as it is strongly related to improved efficiency and thermal performance. Numerous studies have been conducted on the TC of nanofluids using diverse nanoparticles and base fluids. 
  • 956
  • 10 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Numerical Simulation Tools for Offshore Wind Turbine Systems
The emerging industry of offshore wind turbines mounted on floating bases has garnered significant attention from both academia and industry. The desire to understand the complex physics of these floating structures has led to the development of numerical and physical modelling techniques. While physical testing has traditionally been employed, there is a growing focus on cost-effective and accurate high-fidelity numerical modelling as a potential alternative or supplement. However, commonly used numerical engineering tools in the offshore industry are considered mid- to low-fidelity and may lack the desired precision for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs). Given the complexity of these simulation codes, it is crucial to validate their accuracy.
  • 956
  • 30 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Proposed Energy System
The global system is illustrated in Figure 1. It is based on a WT-DFIG system, directly interconnected to the AC grid by the DFIG stator. On the other side, its rotor is attached via an indirect converter from the grid. It consists of two power converters, which are connected to DC bus. The first converter (I) is an inverter of three levels attached to the DFIG rotor, and the second converter (II) is attached to the grid and controlled by another method. The second converter controls its output to obtain a unit power factor operation, sinusoidal voltages, and currents with a constant frequency.
  • 954
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing Applications at the Microscale
Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has been researched and developed for almost three decades. Microscale AM is one of the fastest-growing fields of research within the AM area. Considerable progress has been made in the development and commercialization of new and innovative microscale AM processes, as well as several practical applications in a variety of fields. However, there are still significant challenges that exist in terms of design, available materials, processes, and the ability to fabricate true three-dimensional structures and systems at a microscale. For instance, microscale AM fabrication technologies are associated with certain limitations and constraints due to the scale aspect, which may require the establishment and use of specialized design methodologies in order to overcome them.
  • 951
  • 30 May 2022
Topic Review
Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engines
Since the advent of biodiesel as a renewable alternative fuel, it has attracted wide attention from researchers. The raw materials of biodiesel generally produced by transesterification of animal fats, plants, algae or even waste cooking oil, which makes full use of natural resources and alleviates increasingly problematic oil shortages and environmental pollution. Biodiesel can be directly applied to vehicle engines without any modification and will both improve the combustion quality of the engine and reduce the harmful emissions from the engine. This study mainly summarizes the influence of biodiesel applications on diesel engines, including the impact on engine performance, combustion characteristics, emission characteristics, vibration, noise characteristics, and compatibility. In particular, unregulated emissions such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are rarely mentioned in other review articles, are also discussed in this study.
  • 949
  • 25 Nov 2020
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Implementation and Improvement of the Total Productive Maintenance Concept in an Organization
Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) is an infrastructure-managing methodology that leads to improvements in production efficiency, quality, and safety. It includes a set of processes, techniques, and strategies based on forecasting, maintenance, the optimized cooperation of different company departments, and the minimization of costs related to downtime or accidents caused by equipment failure. This article discusses the history, assumptions of the TPM concept, and approach to implementing Total Productive Maintenance in organizations in detail. The right ingredients required for successful TPM implementation and barriers to implementation are also reviewed. The benefits of implementing TPM in organizations are presented and supported with examples of implementations in production and non-production organizations. The article is addressed to representatives of the manufacturing industry. TPM also indicates a high potential for implementation in non-production areas, which may be interesting, for example, for the service, medical, or laboratory industries.
  • 949
  • 19 Dec 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 18
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Engineering
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Academic Video Service
Feedback