Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Most Viewed Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Filter:
All Topic Review Biography Peer Reviewed Entry Video Entry
Topic Review
Sustainable Blue Jeans Consumer Behavior
A blue jeans brand committed to the environmental cause could position itself as unique and socially responsible and attract environmentally driven consumers.
  • 433
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Olive Oil Tourism
Olive oil tourism is a recent type of rural tourism. Olive oil tourism can serve as a platform to promote sustainability by connecting consumers with the agricultural and cultural aspects of olive oil production, encouraging sustainable practices, and contributing to the overall well-being of local communities and ecosystems.
  • 425
  • 26 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Medical Underwriting
Medical underwriting is a health insurance term referring to the use of medical or health information in the evaluation of an applicant for coverage, typically for life or health insurance. As part of the underwriting process, an individual's health information may be used in making two decisions: whether to offer or deny coverage and what premium rate to set for the policy. The two most common methods of medical underwriting are known as moratorium underwriting, a relatively simple process, and full medical underwriting, a more indepth analysis of a client's health information. The use of medical underwriting may be restricted by law in certain insurance markets. If allowed, the criteria used should be objective, clearly related to the likely cost of providing coverage, practical to administer, consistent with applicable law, and designed to protect the long-term viability of the insurance system. It is the process in which an underwriter considers the health conditions of the person who is applying for the insurance, keeping in mind certain factors like health condition, age, nature of work, and geographical zone. After looking at all the factors, an underwriter suggests whether a policy should be given to the person and at what price, or premium.
  • 424
  • 18 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Social Shopping
Social shopping, social commerce and e-commerce are terms that describe the way people buy and sell products and services online. Although they have some similarities, each of these terms describes a different approach to e-commerce. Social shopping is a form of e-commerce on social media, which allows users to make purchases directly on social media.
  • 422
  • 10 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Inventory Information Approval System
The Inventory Information Approval System, or IIAS, is a point-of-sale technology used by retailers that accept FSA debit cards, which are issued for use with medical flexible spending accounts (FSAs), health reimbursement accounts (HRAs), and some health savings accounts (HSAs) in the United States. By the end of 2007, all grocery stores, discount stores, and online pharmacies that accept FSA debit cards must have an IIAS; by the end of 2008, most pharmacies have an IIAS as well. The predecessor to the current IIAS was developed by the online retailer drugstore.com for its "FSA store" in 2005; it was first introduced to brick-and-mortar retailing by Walgreens in 2006. Wal-Mart became the first discounter with an IIAS in late 2006.
  • 421
  • 21 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Investment Management
Investment management is the professional asset management of various securities (shares, bonds and other securities) and other assets (e.g., real estate) in order to meet specified investment goals for the benefit of the investors. Investors may be institutions (insurance companies, pension funds, corporations, charities, educational establishments etc.) or private investors (both directly via investment contracts and more commonly via collective investment schemes e.g. mutual funds or exchange-traded funds). The term asset management is often used to refer to the investment management of collective investments, while the more generic fund management may refer to all forms of institutional investment as well as investment management for private investors. Investment managers who specialize in advisory or discretionary management on behalf of (normally wealthy) private investors may often refer to their services as money management or portfolio management often within the context of "private banking". The provision of investment management services includes elements of financial statement analysis, asset selection, stock selection, plan implementation and ongoing monitoring of investments. Coming under the remit of financial services many of the world's largest companies are at least in part investment managers and employ millions of staff. It remains unclear if professional investment managers can reliably enhance risk adjusted returns by an amount that exceeds fees and expenses of investment management. The term fund manager (or investment advisor in the United States) refers to both a firm that provides investment management services and an individual who directs fund management decisions. According to a Boston Consulting Group study, the assets managed professionally for fees reached an all-time high of US$62.4 trillion in 2012, after remaining flat-lined since 2007. Furthermore, these industry assets under management were expected to reach US$70.2 trillion at the end of 2013 as per a Cerulli Associates estimate. The global investment management industry is highly concentrated in nature, in a universe of about 70,000 funds roughly 99.7% of the US fund flows in 2012 went into just 185 funds. Additionally, a majority of fund managers report that more than 50% of their inflows go to only three funds.
  • 420
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Reverse Factoring
Unlike traditional factoring, where a supplier wants to finance its receivables, reverse factoring (or supply chain financing) is a financing solution initiated by the ordering party (the customer) in order to help its suppliers to finance its receivables more easily and at a lower interest rate than what would normally be offered. In 2011, the reverse factoring market was still very small, accounting for less than 3% of the factoring market.
  • 418
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Design Assist
Design Assist is the procurement method by which, prior to completion of design, a construction contract may be awarded on a best value basis pursuant to which a contractor provides design assistance to the architect or engineer of record through a design professional separately retained by the contractor.
  • 413
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Local and Regional Management Approaches for the Redesign
The efforts of different local and regional administrations are increasingly seen as very important drivers of the economic vitality and well-being of territories in a world where subnational government levels continue to gain levels of authority. 
  • 405
  • 24 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Latin American Perspectives
Latin American Perspectives, A Journal on Capitalism and Socialism, is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of Latin American studies. It was established in 1974 and is currently published by SAGE Publications. The managing editor is Ronald Chilcote, Edward A. Dickson Emeritus Professor of Economics and Political Science at the University of California, Riverside. LAP is the #1 journal in the Latin American Studies category of Google Scholar Metrics.
  • 403
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Methods of Analyzing Economic Development and Environmental Challenges
Economic growth and environmental sustainability issues have gained traction in academic literature. These two themes are all the more interesting because they are related to sustainable development policies. Economic growth is supposed to reduce unemployment, hunger, social inequalities, malnutrition, and poverty. However, according to several researchers, the link between economic development and environmental degradation reports an interdependence, thus threatening the quality of the environment.
  • 399
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Real Estate Broker
A real estate broker, real estate agent or realtor is a person who represents sellers or buyers of real estate or real property. While a broker may work independently, an agent usually works under a licensed broker to represent clients. Brokers and agents are licensed by the state to negotiate sales agreements and manage the documentation required for closing real estate transactions. In North America, some brokers and agents are members of the National Association of Realtors (NAR), the largest trade association for the industry. NAR members are obligated by a code of ethics that go above and beyond state legal requirements to work in the best interest of the client. Buyers and sellers are generally advised to consult a licensed real estate professional for a written definition of an individual state's laws of agency, and many states require written disclosures to be signed by all parties outlining the duties and obligations. Generally, real estate brokers/ agents fall into four categories of representation: A real estate broker typically receives a real estate commission for successfully completing a sale. Across the U.S. this commission can generally range between 5-6% of the property's sale price for a full service broker but this percentage varies by state and even region. This commission can be divided up with other participating real estate brokers or agents. Flat-fee brokers and Fee-for-Service brokers can charge significantly less depending on the type of services offered.
  • 396
  • 17 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Creating Value via Circular Economy in Tourism Sector
Among major international research and practice issues, the issue of the circular economy has emerged recently as “an alternative economic paradigm” to address the current needs of the present and to search for innovative solutions for the future. Sustainable tourism development has emerged as a critical issue for future development trajectories with the aim of boosting the efficient use of natural resources while producing less waste and addressing the challenges of climate change and biodiversity. A new economic concept known as the “circular economy” (CE) has emerged recently to address social and environmental sustainability issues that increasingly arise in tourism research and its practice. CE is replacing the traditional “take, make, dispose” economic model, which has become highly unsustainable.
  • 386
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
X12 Document List
The following is a list of the approved EDI ANSI X12 documents for EDI version 4 Release 1 (004010).
  • 376
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Gender Mainstreaming the European Union Energy Transition
The EU has set out its ambitions for an equitable transition to clean secure energy. It has also set out it objectives for gender equality. There is a disconnect between EU gender equality and clean energy plans and that gender has yet to be mainstreamed into the EU energy transition. This research identifies opportunities to mainstream gender into EU energy policies by linking to EU gender equality objectives, and connecting to gender-energy research themes.
  • 371
  • 14 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Supply Chain Engineering
Supply Chain Engineering (SCE) describes desired efficiency and effectiveness. The most essential ingredient of SCE is its integral view embodying • Local Customization • Engineering • Information Technology The engineering character is not only visible in the SCE’s content but also in its name. As SCE is still a very young method only few standard works have been published so far; however, Kukkuk C, (Snr) in his opening address to the South African mining industry in 2015, sites "SEC should be regarded as an upstream practice and should not be a silo business unit, it may well be integrated with other key disciplines that form part of the 'value chain' some principles we apply are interactive sessions for front end planning, industry lessons learned, lean optimization strategies and updated ERP/MRP solutions" The following definition therefore mainly refers to the standard work, “Supply Chain Engineering – methods of integrated logistics planning”, published in July 2010 by Dr. Joachim Miebach and Dominik Bühring. Herein SCE is defined as an independent and overall method to design supply chains.
  • 360
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Fee and Dividend
Fee and Dividend or Carbon Fee and Dividend (CF&D) is a market-based mechanism for reducing the carbon emissions that help to drive anthropogenic climate change. Carbon Fee and Dividend begins with levying a progressively-rising tax on carbon-based fuels, then returning some or all of the revenue to the public as a regular energy dividend. This is intended to incentivize a shift to low-carbon energy while protecting consumers from any increases in the costs of carbon-based fuels. Designed to maintain or improve economic vitality while speeding the transition to a sustainable energy economy, Carbon Fee and Dividend has been proposed as an alternative to emission reduction mechanisms such as complex regulatory approaches, cap and trade or a straightforward carbon tax. The method has been compared to wealth redistribution legislation that was used during the Great Depression.
  • 358
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
F.B.T. Productions, LLC V. Aftermath Records
F.B.T. Productions, LLC, et al. v. Aftermath Records, et al. 621 F.3d 958 was a case in which the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit dealt with how Federal Copyright Law applied to the sales and licensing contracts of music downloads and other downloadable copyrighted material. Specifically, the circuit court ruled that a licensing provision in the contract between F.B.T. Productions and Aftermath Records unambiguously applied to permanent downloads and mastertones offered through third party distributors. After reviewing the First Sale Doctrine and the nature of Aftermath's contracts with its distributors, the circuit court concluded that such downloads constituted a licensing of copyrights rather than a sale, causing Aftermath to pay higher royalties to F.B.T. under their agreement.
  • 354
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Counterfeit Medicines Online
The online distribution of counterfeit medicines has been growing during the last decades. The role of Internet as an unregulated medicine market is the main reasons behind this phenomenon, especially the effectiveness of “spam” as a tool for advertising and promoting these products. Websites and social media are new powerful instruments that organized criminal groups could exploit to conduct their illicit businesses. The spread of this emerging threat worldwide poses a very high risk for the health and safety of unaware consumers.
  • 346
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Higher Education in Shaping Essential Personality Traits
Research on university education and its role in developing personality traits essential to achieving success in entrepreneurship is required because of the significance of entrepreneurship for advancements in the economic, social, technological, and environmental spheres. Additionally, the value of a university education in shaping an individual’s personality, and the necessity of emphasizing entrepreneurship in higher education for students to achieve real success, should be a priority in our society.
  • 344
  • 01 Mar 2024
  • Page
  • of
  • 15
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
ScholarVision Creations
Feedback