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Topic Review
Nanomaterials for Skin Cancer Photoimmunotherapy
Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, and its incidence continues to increase. It is divided into two main categories, melanoma and non-melanoma. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The relatively high mortality in melanoma and the existing recurrence rates, both for melanoma and non-melanoma, create the need for studying and developing new approaches for skin cancer management. Studies have focused on immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and photoimmunotherapy. Photoimmunotherapy has gained much attention due to its excellent potential outcomes. It combines the advantages of photodynamic and/or photothermal therapy with a systemic immune response, making it ideal for metastatic cancer. 
  • 1.1K
  • 11 May 2023
Topic Review
Drug Characteristics of Ketamine
Pain is the leading cause of medical consultations and occurs in 50–70% of emergency department visits. To date, several drugs have been used to manage pain. The clinical use of ketamine began in the 1960s and it immediately emerged as a manageable and safe drug for sedation and anesthesia. 
  • 1.1K
  • 16 May 2023
Topic Review
Short-Term Load Forecasting Method
Electricity consumption varies in short-, medium-, and long-term periods, which cover three forecast time horizons. They range, respectively, from one hour to a week, one week to a year, and more than a year. They are based on several factors, such as climate, region, and sector (residential, industrial, commercial). Residential loads consume most of the electricity generated. Short-Term Load Forecasting (STLF) is important for cost reduction, energy savings, fine scheduling, and safety assurance.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 May 2023
Topic Review
Real-Time Vehicle Detection Based on YOLOv5
An improved YOLOv5 model is used to detect vehicles in aerial images, which effectively enhances the detection performance of tiny objects and obscured vehicles.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Techniques to Assess the Size of KIV-2 CNV
Apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) is the protein component that defines lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) particles and is encoded by the LPA gene. The apo(a) is extremely heterogeneous in size due to the copy number variation (CNV) in the kringle IV type-2 (KIV-2) domains. Lp(a) concentrations in the blood vary by more than a thousand-fold between individuals, ranging from less than 0.1 to more than 300 mg/dL, depending on the size of apo(a) that is encoded by the LPA gene. The KIV-2 copy number ranges from 1 to >40, and the CNV of KIV-2 shows a >95% heterozygosity in most populations. Screening patients for elevated Lp(a) is strongly encouraged as an effective tool to identify individuals requiring more aggressive lipid-lowering therapy to reduce the CVD risk. Lp(a) levels above 50 mg/dL are correlated with an increased risk for the development of CVD.
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Application of Enzyme-Nanoparticle-Polymer Composites in Wastewater Treatment
Different water treatment technologies such as photochemical degradation, biodegradation, electrochemical degradation, reverse osmosis, and membrane separation have been used to get rid of water pollutants. Enzymatic treatments have received great attention due to several advantages compared to physical and chemical treatments, such as mild operating conditions and high catalytic efficiency without harsh side effects. Oxidase and peroxidase enzymes from different sources have been immobilized on metal and metal oxide-polymer composites and used in the degradation of pollutants.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Phytochemical of Euphorbia neriifolia
In the Indian subcontinents, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. (EN) is one of the valuable plants from the big family of Euphorbiaceae, which is usually found in rocky and hilly areas. E. neriifolia was found to be useful in curing tumors, abdominal swelling, bronchial infection, hydrophobia, earache, cough and cold, asthma, leprosy, gonorrhea, spleen enlargement, leucoderma, snake bites, scorpion stings, and causing appetite improvement, etc. Different in vitro and in vivo experimental studies were performed to determine the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, wound healing, anti-atherosclerosis, radioprotective, anti-anxiety, anti-convulsant, anti-psychotic, anti-thrombotic, dermal irritation, hemolytic, analgesic, anti-fertility, diuretic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal, and anti-carcinogenic activities of the various parts of EN. Several bioactive compounds, such as euphol, nerifoliol, taraxerol, euphonerins A–G, lectin, etc., were isolated from E. neriifolia and need to be investigated further for various biological activities (cardiovascular and neuronal diseases). In the pharmaceutical sector, E. neriifolia was selected for the development of new drugs due to its broad pharmacological activities. 
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Coating Types on the Surface of Aluminum Alloy
Aluminum alloy is widely used in many fields for its excellent performance. However, in practical application, aluminum alloy is easy to become corroded and be invalidated, owing to the influence of environmental factors. Some pollutants or corrosive media q5 its surface adhesion will further deepen the failure rate of aluminum alloy, resulting in a large amount of workforce waste, waste of material and financial resources, and energy consumption. So the anti-corrosion and anti-fouling treatment of aluminum alloy surfaces to expand their practical application range and reduce energy loss are of great significance.
  • 1.1K
  • 15 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Influence of Light Irradiation on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria
Biological nitrification is a crucial process in microalgal–bacterial systems. It oxidizes ammonia (NH3) to nitrate (NO3−) via intermediate nitrite (NO2−), which is mainly conducted by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Light is essential for algae photosynthesis; however, nitrifying bacteria are also influenced by light radiation.
  • 1.1K
  • 11 Jan 2024
Topic Review
The Effects of Soybean Peptides on Chronic Diseases
With lifestyle changes, chronic diseases have become a public health problem worldwide, causing a huge burden on the global economy. Risk factors associated with chronic diseases mainly include abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated triglycerides, cancer, and other characteristics. Plant-sourced proteins have received more and more attention in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases in recent years. Soybean is a low-cost, high-quality protein resource that contains 40% protein. Soybean peptides have been widely studied in the regulation of chronic diseases.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (ITPRs) are intracellular calcium release channels located on the endoplasmic reticulum of virtually every cell.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Proteomic Technologies in Pork Products
This entry deals with the productive (breed, diet, stress) and technological (aging, cooking) factors that affect fresh pork and elaborates the quality of products by using proteomic tools. These technologies are a relevant approach in the meat science field to decipher the underlying mechanisms and post-mortem changes in the muscle and biofluids proteome of pigs because their study will allow better management of the outcomes such as meat quality variation and defects. In general, these new developments in molecular techniques can help researchers to control and assess this quality through biomarkers. Additionally, as food safety and pork product authentication/adulteration to avoid fraud can be evaluated with these high-throughput proteomic tools. Overall, this review describes the current and emerging proteomics studies dealing with raw pork and pork products from the farm to fork. 
  • 1.1K
  • 13 Dec 2020
Topic Review
X-linked Cardiac Valvular Dysplasia
X-linked cardiac valvular dysplasia is a condition characterized by the abnormal development (dysplasia) of heart (cardiac) valves. The normal heart has four valves, two on the left side of the heart and two on the right side, that allow blood to move through the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward. In X-linked cardiac valvular dysplasia, one or more of the four heart valves is thickened and cannot open and close completely when the heart beats and pumps blood. These malformed valves can cause abnormal blood flow and an irregular heart sound during a heartbeat (heart murmur).  
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Ternary III−As Antimonide
During the last few years, there has been renewed interest in the monolithic integration of gold-free, Ternary III–As Antimonide (III–As–Sb) compound semiconductor materials on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)—compatible silicon substrate to exploit its scalability, and relative abundance in high-performance and cost-effective integrated circuits based on the well-established technology. Ternary III–As–Sb nanowires (NWs) hold enormous promise for the fabrication of high-performance optoelectronic nanodevices with tunable bandgap. However, the direct epitaxial growth of gold-free ternary III–As–Sb NWs on silicon is extremely challenging, due to the surfactant effect of Sb.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a well-established treatment for a variety of hematologic malignancies, immune disorders and metabolic diseases. Allo-HSCT often represents the only possible curative therapy, however it is hampered by high morbidity and mortality rates for an array of complications, including bloodstream infection and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD).
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Traditional Chinese Exercises and Elderly
As the General Administration of Sport of China recommends, more and more people are choosing traditional Chinese exercies to exercise at home. This entry has been written based on the hypothesis that TECs have a positive effect on the blood lipid parameters of middle-aged and older people. This systematic review included 42 RCTs, with 6 TCEs with 2977 subjects aged 55 to 60 years, providing high-quality evidence of the effect of six kinds of TCE on blood lipids.
  • 1.1K
  • 04 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Sustainable Management by Rhizobacteria
Rhizobacteria are bacteria from diverse taxonomic genera, which are living in the rhizosphere of plants. Among the rhizobacterial bulk, several genera of bacteria have been proven for plant growth promotion are termed as ‘beneficial rhizobacteria’. There are various modes of action for plant growth promotion through the adoption of beneficial rhizobacteria. The beneficial bacteria also enhance tolerance in plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses caused by the global climate change.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Oct 2021
Topic Review
AR Learning Environment Integrated with EIA Inquiry Mode
Augmented reality (AR), the technology of integrating virtual objects with the real world, has the following three defining characteristics: (a) Combines real and virtual objects in a real environment; (b) Runs interactively and synchronously; (c) Registers real and virtual objects with each other. Based on these characteristics, AR has been proven to have great potential educational affordances which are especially useful in the sciences, including spatial ability, practical skills, scientific inquiry learning, and conceptual understanding.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Smart Pavement Data with Decision Support Systems
Nowadays, pavement management systems (PMS) are mainly based on monitoring processes that have been established for a long time, and strongly depend on acquired experience. However, with the emergence of smart technologies, such as internet of things and artificial intelligence, PMS could be improved by applying these new smart technologies to their decision support systems, not just by updating their data collection methodologies, but also their data analysis tools. The application of these smart technologies to the field of pavement monitoring and condition evaluation will undoubtedly contribute to more efficient, less costly, safer, and environmentally friendly methodologies.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Cell Therapy in Liver Fibrosis
Fibrosis is a common feature in most pathogenetic processes in the liver, and usually results from a chronic insult that depletes the regenerative capacity of hepatocytes and activates multiple inflammatory pathways, recruiting resident and circulating immune cells, endothelial cells, non-parenchymal hepatic stellate cells, and fibroblasts, which become activated and lead to excessive extracellular matrix accumulation. 
  • 1.1K
  • 19 Jan 2022
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