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Topic Review
Ursolic Acid in Cancer and Diabetic Neuropathy Diseases
Ursolic acid (UA) is a promising triterpenoid compound present in several plants’ leaves, flowers, and fruits. It shows a broad range of pharmaceutical properties and therapeutic effects. UA has been utilized as a herbal medicine with excellent pharmacological activities.
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Applications of Polysaccharide Stalks in Didymosphenia geminata Diatom
Didymosphenia geminata is a species of freshwater diatom that is known as invasive and is propagating quickly around the world. The polysaccharide-based stalks of D. geminata enable versatile potential applications and use as a biopolymer, in drug delivery and wound healing, and as biocompatible scaffolding in cell adhesion and proliferation. Furthermore, the polysaccharide nature of stalks and their metal-adsorption capacity allow them to have excellent wastewater remediation potential.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Low-CO2 Emission, Dual-Fuel RCCI Engine
Combustion of fuels in internal combustion engines is based on the use of one type of fuel which is ignited either by forced spark ignition (SI) or by compression ignition (CI). The highest efficiency is currently achievable thanks to the ignition of a homogeneous air–fuel mixture in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines, where the ignition of all the fuel in the combustion chamber occurs simultaneously. This combustion takes place at a lower temperature than in a classic diesel engine, which leads to lower heat losses and the formation of less NOX, which translates into higher thermal efficiency for engines with this type of ignition.
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Bioactive Compounds from Cardoon and Metabolic Disorders
Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a Mediterranean plant and member of the Asteraceae family that includes three botanical taxa, the wild perennial cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris (Lamk) Fiori), globe artichoke (C. cardunculus L. var. scolymus L. Fiori), and domesticated cardoon (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.). Cardoon has been widely used in the Mediterranean diet and folk medicine since ancient times. Today, cardoon is recognized as a plant with great industrial potential and is considered as a functional food, with important nutritional value, being an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolics, minerals, inulin, fiber, and sesquiterpene lactones. 
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Wolfram Syndrome 1
Wolfram syndrome 1 (WS1) is a rare neurodegenerative disease transmitted in an autosomal recessive mode. It is characterized by diabetes insipidus (DI), diabetes mellitus (DM), optic atrophy (OA), and sensorineural hearing loss (D) (DIDMOAD). The clinical picture may be complicated by other symptoms, such as urinary tract, endocrinological, psychiatric, and neurological abnormalities. WS1 is caused by mutations in the WFS1 gene located on chromosome 4p16 that encodes a transmembrane protein named wolframin. Many studies have shown that wolframin regulates some mechanisms of ER calcium homeostasis and therefore plays a role in cellular apoptosis.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Data-Driven Modeling in Drilling in Well Operations
Swab and surge pressure fluctuations are decisive during drilling for oil. The axial movement of the pipe in the wellbore causes pressure fluctuations in wellbore fluid; these pressure fluctuations can be either positive or negative, corresponding to the direction of the movement of the pipe. For example, if the drill string is lowering down in the borehole, the drop is positive (surge pressure), and if the drill string is pulling out of the hole, the drop is negative (swab pressure). The intensity of these pressure fluctuations depends on the speed of the lowering down (tripping in) or withdrawing the pipe out (tripping out). High tripping speed corresponds to higher pressure fluctuations and can lead to fracturing the well formation. Low tripping speed leads to a slow operation, causing non-productive time, thus increasing the overall well budget. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Sexuality and Mental Health in Heterosexual Adolescents
During puberty and emerging sexuality, adolescents experience important physical, mental, and social transformations. In the process of dealing with these changes, adolescents can become potentially vulnerable to mental health problems. 
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
MDR Pumps as Crossroads of Resistance
The development of new antibiotics is either very expensive or ineffective due to rapidly developing bacterial resistance. The need to develop alternative approaches to the treatment of bacterial infections, such as phage therapy, is beyond doubt. The cornerstone of bacterial defense against antibiotics are multidrug resistance (MDR) pumps, which are involved in antibiotic resistance, toxin export, biofilm, and persister cell formation. MDR pumps are the primary non-specific defense of bacteria against antibiotics, while drug target modification, drug inactivation, target switching, and target sequestration are the second, specific line of their defense. All bacteria have MDR pumps, and bacteriophages have evolved along with them and use the bacteria’s need for MDR pumps to bind and penetrate into bacterial cells. 
  • 1.2K
  • 14 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Role of Cytokine IL-37 in Modulating Inflammation
Inflammation constitutes an essential response of tissues to infection or injury. The cytokine IL-37 is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, otherwise known for its pivotal role in promoting inflammation. This cytokine (a former member 7 of the IL-1 family) was characterized by computational cloning, which revealed its role as a negative regulator of the cytokine IL-18, which in addition to IL-1β is the key proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 cytokine family. There is growing interest in the therapeutic potentials of IL-37.
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Peptide-Based Low Molecular Weight Photosensitive Supramolecular Gelators
Stimuli-responsive supramolecular gels comprising synthetic short peptides as building blocks have been explored for various biological and material applications. Though a wide range of stimuli has been tested depending on the structure of the peptides, light as a stimulus has attracted extensive attention due to its non-invasive, non-contaminant, and remotely controllable nature, precise spatial and temporal resolution, and wavelength tunability. The integration of molecular photo-switch and low-molecular-weight synthetic peptides may thus provide access to supramolecular self-assembled systems, notably supramolecular gels, which may be used to create dynamic, light-responsive “smart” materials with a variety of structures and functions. 
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Sep 2022
Topic Review
The Subcutaneous Route of Administration for Therapeutic Antibodies
Therapeutic antibodies (Abs) are used in the treatment of numerous diseases, including infection, cancer, and autoimmune disorders, in which they have already demonstrated their efficacy. The success of Abs is due to (I) a high level of specificity and affinity to their target antigen, (II) a favorable safety profile, and (III) a unique pharmacokinetic profile, supporting a longer half-life as compared to other drugs. While the majority of Abs are delivered through IV injection, evidence in the literature showed that beyond the reduction of invasiveness, a better efficacy could be achieved with a local delivery of Abs. Among those routes, one has been in full development these last few years, with already good clinical results and still promising developments: The Subcutaneous route.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Machine Learning Applications in Surface Transportation Systems
Surface transportation has evolved through technology advancements using parallel knowledge areas such as machine learning (ML). ML is the most sophisticated state-of-the-art knowledge branch offering the potential to solve unsettled or difficult-to-solve problems as a data-driven approach.
  • 1.2K
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Load Following Power Plant
A load following power plant, regarded as producing mid-merit or mid-priced electricity, is a power plant that adjusts its power output as demand for electricity fluctuates throughout the day. Load following plants are typically in-between base load and peaking power plants in efficiency, speed of start up and shut down, construction cost, cost of electricity and capacity factor.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Status Dynamic Psychotherapy
Status dynamic psychotherapy (SDT) is an approach to psychotherapy that was created by Peter G. Ossorio at the University of Colorado in the late 1960s as part of a larger system known as "descriptive psychology". Its distinguishing characteristic is that it does not focus on the factors traditionally targeted by psychotherapy such as the client’s behaviors, cognitions, insight into unconscious factors, and patterns of interaction with significant others. Instead, it focuses on bringing about changes in clients’ statuses; i.e., the positions that they occupy in relation to everything in their worlds, including themselves and aspects of themselves. Proponents of SDT maintain:
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Cancer Patients
Cancer patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and, notably, a significant prevalence of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It has been shown that an elevated presence of cardiovascular risk factors in this setting leads to an interaction between these two conditions, influencing their therapeutic strategies and contributing to higher mortality. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Fairy Path
According to folklore a fairy path (or 'passage', 'avenue', or 'pass') is a route taken by fairies usually in a straight line and between sites of traditional significance, such as fairy forts or raths (a class of circular earthwork dating from the Iron Age), "airy" (eerie) mountains and hills, thorn bushes, springs, lakes, rock outcrops, and Stone Age monuments. Ley lines and spirit paths, such as with corpse roads, have some similarities with these fairy paths. A fairy ring is also a path used by fairies, but in a circle, for dancing, as described by poet W. B. Yeats, "...the fairies dance in a place apart, Shaking their milk-white feet in a ring,..." The concept is usually associated with Celtic folklore, especially that of Ireland.
  • 1.2K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Electrochemical Impedimetric Biosensors for Virus Detection
Viruses are responsible for many diseases that result in hundreds of thousands of deaths yearly. The ongoing outbreak of the COVID-19 disease has raised a global concern and intensified research on the detection of viruses and virus-related diseases. Novel methods for the sensitive, rapid, and on-site detection of pathogens, such as the recent SARS-CoV-2, are critical for diagnosing and treating infectious diseases before they spread and affect human health worldwide. In this sense, electrochemical impedimetric biosensors could be applied for virus detection on a large scale. 
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Aging and Natural Products with Protective Potential
It was found that mitochondrial activity decreases with aging and that degeneration is linked to the reductions in mitochondria, mRNA transcripts, protein expression, and mtDNA and increased oxidative stress. In particular, reduced protein synthesis hinders protein turnover. The inability to replace damaged proteins may explain why aging is related to reduced mitochondrial function. Mitochondria, the cellular organelles that produce most of the ATP, become dysfunctional during aging. This condition is coupled with inflammation, oxidative stress, and reduced cellular functionalities in every organ. Numerous genes have been linked to aging, with some favoring it (gerontogenes) and others blocking it (genes of longevity pathways). The desire for eternal youth is a constant in the history of humanity. The increased life expectancy in industrialized countries has unfortunately also led to a significant increase in the incidence of age-related diseases (ARDs) such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers.
  • 1.2K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Thermal Stability of Layered LTMO2
Layered lithium transition metal (TM) oxides LiTMO2 (TM = Ni, Co, Mn, Al, etc.) are the most promising cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high energy density, good rate capability and moderate cost. However, the safety issue arising from the intrinsic thermal instability of nickel-based cathode materials is still a critical challenge for further applications in electric vehicles and energy storage power stations.
  • 1.2K
  • 15 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogel-Based Flexible Supercapacitors for Wearable Applications
Hydrogels are often known as three-dimensional networks of polymer chains capable of holding a large quantity of water while also being water insoluble. Research into “hydrogels” is currently a growing topic of scientific interest due to their diverse applications and eco-friendly properties.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Apr 2023
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