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Topic Review
Targeting Inflammation in Prostate Cancer
Men of African descent are twice as likely to die of prostate cancer than other men. While equal access to care is the key target to improve cancer survival, it is now known that there are differences in disease biology and risk factor exposure across population groups. These differences could be causatively linked to the existing prostate cancer health disparities.
  • 635
  • 14 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Cardiovascular Defects and Cardiac Epigenome during COVID-19
Heart diseases, including congenital heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disorders, are considered comorbidities that render a major mortality risk to COVID-19 patients and make the treatment procedure extremely challenging. CHDs and cardiovascular disorders increase the susceptibility to heart failure which is much increased in patients of COVID-19. Epigenetic perturbations through DNA methylation, histone modification, nc-RNA and so on, with alterations in transcriptome and proteome are reported in COVID-19 patients.
  • 635
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
MBOAT7  in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common and prevalent disorder affecting 25 percent of the adults in the United States and 32 percent of adults globally. It is one of the common causes of chronic liver disease characterized by steatosis, which can lead to inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. NAFLD is strongly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Multiple genetic variants have been consistently found to be associated with NAFLD; one of them is found in the TMC4-MBOAT7 loci. One variant (rs641738 C>T) within MBOAT7 encoding lysophosphatidyl inositol acyltransferase increases the risk for NAFLD development and triggers hepatic inflammation by regulating arachidonic acid levels. 
  • 635
  • 27 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Association of Matrix Metalloproteinases with CKD and PVD
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a risk factor for fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular (CV) events, including peripheral vascular disease (PVD). This occurs because CKD encompasses several factors that lead to poor prognoses, mainly due to a reduction of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the presence of proteinuria, and the uremic inflammatory milieu. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of zinc-containing endopeptidases implicated in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, a systemic process in tissue homeostasis. MMPs play an important role in cell differentiation, angiogenesis, inflammation, and vascular damage. 
  • 635
  • 29 Feb 2024
Topic Review
NLRP6 in Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection
Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) causes severe pulmonary diseases, leading to high morbidity and mortality. It has been reported that inflammasomes such as NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) play an important role in the host defense against S. pneumoniae infection. However, the role of NLRP6 in vivo and in vitro against S. pneumoniae remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of NLRP6 in regulating the S. pneumoniae-induced inflammatory signaling pathway in vitro and the role of NLRP6 in the host defense against S. pneumoniae in vivo by using NLRP6−/− mice.
  • 634
  • 22 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Stem Cell Expression of Odontogenic Tumors and Cysts
Stem cells have been associated with self-renewing and plasticity and have been investigated in various odontogenic lesions in association with their pathogenesis and biological behavior. Stem cells might be linked to the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of odontogenic pathologies and represent a potential target for future individualized therapies.
  • 634
  • 28 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Biomarkers in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a prevalent cancer associated with poor prognosis in advanced stages. Despite advancements in diagnostic tools, there have been minimal improvements in therapeutic approaches. The potential new frontier lies in the realm of biomarkers.
  • 634
  • 23 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Common Network of Molecular Pathways of Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a highly prevalent, severely debilitating neurological disorder characterized by seizures and neuronal hyperactivity due to an imbalanced neurotransmission. As genetic factors play a key role in epilepsy and its treatment, various genetic and genomic technologies continue to dissect the genetic causes of this disorder.
  • 633
  • 17 Apr 2023
Topic Review
The HMGB Proteins History from Yeast to Cancer
Yeasts have been a part of human life since ancient times in the fermentation of many natural products used for food. In addition, in the 20th century, they became powerful tools to elucidate the functions of eukaryotic cells as soon as the techniques of molecular biology developed.
  • 633
  • 28 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Retinopathies and Underlying Metabolic Mechanisms
The retina is one of the most metabolically active organs in the body. Although it is an extension of the brain, the metabolic needs of the retina and metabolic exchanges between the different cell types in the retina are not the same as that of the brain. Retinal photoreceptors convert most of the glucose into lactate via aerobic glycolysis which takes place in their cytosol, yet there are immense numbers of mitochondria in photoreceptors.
  • 633
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Neurological Disorders in Animals with NKA Mutations
Endogenous cardiotonic steroids are involved in the pathogenesis of affective disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder, which are linked to dopaminergic system dysfunction. Animal models have shown that the cardiotonic steroid ouabain induces mania-like behavior through dopamine-dependent intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, mutations in the alpha subunit of Na+,K+-ATPase lead to the development of neurological pathologies. Evidence from animal models confirms the neurological consequences of mutations in the Na+,K+-ATPase alpha subunit. 
  • 633
  • 06 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Role of Mitochondria in Somatic Stem Cell Differentiation
While mitochondrial biogenesis has been previously demonstrated in number of differentiation models, it is only recently that the role of mitochondrial dynamics has started to be explored. The discovery of asymmetric distribution of mitochondria in stem cell progeny has strengthened the interest in the field.
  • 633
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
PPARs and Vitamin D Receptor in Cancer
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors, which respond to specific ligands such as polyunsaturated fatty acids by altering gene expression. Three subtypes of this receptor have been discovered, each evolving to achieve different biological functions. Like other nuclear receptors, the transcriptional activity of PPARs is affected not only by ligand-stimulation, but also by cross-talk with other molecules. For example, both PPARs and the RXRs are ligand-activated transcription factors that coordinately regulate gene expression. In addition, PPARs and vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling pathways regulate a multitude of genes that are of importance for cellular functions including cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Interaction of the PPARs and VDR signaling pathways has been shown at the level of molecular cross-regulation of their transcription factor. A variety of ligands influencing the PPARs and VDR signaling pathways have been shown to reveal chemopreventive potential by mediating tumor suppressive activities in human cancers.
  • 633
  • 08 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Sampling of Non-Electrochemical Sweat Sensors
Sweat, commonly referred to as the ultrafiltrate of blood plasma, is an essential physiological fluid in the human body. It contains a wide range of metabolites, electrolytes, and other biologically significant markers that are closely linked to human health. Compared to other bodily fluids, such as blood, sweat offers distinct advantages in terms of ease of collection and non-invasive detection. 
  • 633
  • 04 Jan 2024
Topic Review
Modulatory Signals in the Regulation of Bicarbonate Transporters
Bicarbonate transporters are responsible for the appropriate flux of bicarbonate across the plasma membrane to perform various fundamental cellular functions. The functions of bicarbonate transporters, including pH regulation, cell migration, and inflammation, are highlighted in various cellular systems, encompassing their participation in both physiological and pathological processes. 
  • 633
  • 24 Jan 2024
Topic Review
COVID-19 and Developmental Biology, Exosomes, Transcriptome
A review on COVID-19 in the context of developmental biology, exosomes, and transcriptome.
  • 632
  • 23 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Modulation of Class I TCP Protein Activity
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, CYCLOIDEA, PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR 1 and 2 (TCP) proteins constitute a plant-specific transcription factors family exerting effects on multiple aspects of plant development, such as germination, embryogenesis, leaf and flower morphogenesis, and pollen development, through the recruitment of other factors and the modulation of different hormonal pathways. They are divided into two main classes, I and II. The roles of class TCPs from class I in plant growth and development, as well as the modulation of their activity through interaction with other proteins and redox interconversions, proteolytic processing, or intra- or intercellular movement are discussed. Additionally, the function of these proteins in response to different environmental conditions is discussed.
  • 632
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Zinc-Dependent Histone Deacetylases in Lung Endothelial Pathobiology
The intricate dynamics of endothelial cells (ECs), form a monolayer along blood vessel lumens and act as a semi-selective barrier between blood and interstitial spaces. In instances of inflammatory or toxic events, compromise of the lung EC barrier may lead to pulmonary edema, a crucial aspect of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The nuanced control of EC functions involves epigenetic mechanisms, particularly those mediated by zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs). Representing the largest HDAC subgroup, zinc-dependent HDACs are activated by Zn2+ and play a pivotal role in epigenetic regulation by modifying chromatin structure and deacetylating non-histone proteins.
  • 631
  • 28 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Sigma-1 Receptor in Calcium Modulation
Ca2+ signaling plays a pivotal role in the control of cellular homeostasis and aberrant regulation of Ca2+ fluxes have a strong impact on cellular functioning. As a consequence of this ubiquitous role, Ca2+ signaling dysregulation is involved in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases including cancer. Indeed, multiple studies have highlighted the role of Ca2+ fluxes in all the steps of cancer progression. In particular, the transfer of Ca2+ at the ER-mitochondrial contact sites, also known as mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), has been shown to be crucial for cancer cell survival. One of the proteins enriched at this site is the sigma-1 receptor (S1R), a protein that has been described as a Ca2+-sensitive chaperone that exerts a protective function in cells in various ways, including the modulation of Ca2+ signaling. Interestingly, S1R is overexpressed in many types of cancer even though the exact mechanisms by which it promotes cell survival are not fully elucidated. 
  • 630
  • 24 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Hematopoietic stem cell: regulation and nutritional intervention
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent precursors with the unique ability to self-renew into all cell types and self-regenerate in order to resume proliferation in the blood-forming system. They are crucial for the life maintenance of bio-organisms. Investigation into the functioning of HSCs remains a prominent and dynamic area of exploration by researchers. Here we summarizes the intrinsic factors (i.e., RNA-binding protein, modulators in epigenetics and enhancer–promotor-mediated transcription) essential to the function of HSCs.
  • 629
  • 09 Jun 2023
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