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Topic Review
Polymeric-Composites Reinforced with Banana Fibers
Recent manufacturing advancements have led to the fabrication of polymeric composites (PC) reinforced with fibers. However, to reduce the impact on the environment, efforts have been made to replace synthetic fibers (SF) by natural fibers (NF) in many applications. NF, e.g., as banana fibers (BF) possess higher cellulose content, a higher degree of polymerization of cellulose, and a lower microfibrillar angle (MFA), which are crucial factors for the mechanical properties (MP), namely tensile modulus (TM) and tensile strength (TS), and many other properties that make them suitable for the reinforcement of PC. This review paper presents an attempt to highlight some recent findings on the MP of PC reinforced with unmodified or modified BF (UBF, MBF), which were incorporated into unmodified or modified (synthetic (SPM) or a bio (BPM)) polymeric matrices (UPM, MPM). The experimental results from previous studies are presented in terms of the variation in the percentage of the MP and show that BF can improve the MP of PC. The results of such studies suggest the possibility to extend the application of PC reinforced with BF (PCBF) in a wide range, namely from automotive to biomedical fields. 
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
WAAM of Duplex Stainless Steels
WAAM (Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing) is becoming an increasingly popular method to produce components from metals which are usually not so suitable for conventional production methods. One of the good examples is duplex stainless steels (DSS), which are quite complex for welding and machining. Excessive ferrite amount is a common problem for them and controlling an interlayer temperature could offer a solution. However, using too low interlayer temperature will slow down the whole process and compromise one of the WAAM’s main advantages - the high productivity. Aim of this study is to find the relationship between interlayer temperature and process duration and to determine the influence of the interlayer temperature on product structure and other properties. Three samples (walls) were made using different interlayer temperatures (50 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C) and they were tested to analyze their surface texture, chemical composition, ferrite amount, the appearance of porosity and the hardness. Ferrite amount was higher and there was more porosity on lower interlayer temperatures, while there is no significant difference between surface texture and chemical composition for the samples. Considering the fact that higher interlayer temperatures provide a faster process, they should be preferred to produce duplex stainless steel products.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Wear Mechanism for Construction Machinery
Construction machinery, which is widely used in infrastructure construction, is growing rapidly all over the word. However, the complex working conditions of construction machinery lead to serious wear, particularly the wear of the bucket teeth on construction machinery. To control the wear procedure, it is essential to understand the wear mechanism and identify the wear form under variable working conditions. 
  • 1.2K
  • 20 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sandwich Composites
Structural sandwich composites have been widely used in many engineering fields, and this trend is expected to continue due to their superior mechanical properties, thermal insulation and acoustic damping. However, to further improve their mechanical properties, literature reports significant benefits obtained with nano-reinforcements. In this context, nanoclays are the most popular nano-reinforcements for polymeric nanocomposites, due to their relatively high ion exchange capacity, high aspect ratio and economic advantages. In order to stablish a systematic understanding for application in design procedures, this work intends to summarize all studies available in the open literature about this topic.
  • 1.2K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Underwater Soft Robotics
Underwater exploration, much like space exploration, has been at the frontier of science and engineering ventures. Some of the early robotic systems sent by humans to explore marine life are known as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).  ROVs are underwater robots, manually operated by a pilot, using tethered communication. Soft robots made from compliant materials can achieve shrinking and bending motion that allow them to navigate within narrow areas. The ability of soft robots to deform, change their shapes, exhibit infinite degrees of freedom, and perform complex motion, makes them a suitable candidate for the basis of biological emulation, especially that of underwater creatures, which are one of the sources of biomimetic inspiration for robotic and engineering systems.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Uniaxial Load Specification for Vehicle Knuckle Part
Knuckle parts have a complex relationship with adjacent vehicle parts, making it difficult to determine the proper fatigue evaluation specification when considering vehicle operation. An accelerated triaxial load case for the knuckle part was derived using a combination of four event modules from the test code developed by the Korea Automotive Technology Institute. The fatigue damage analysis of the front and rear knuckle models was conducted with respect to the accelerated triaxial load case, and the maximum stress was measured at hotspots for the magnitude and orientation of the critical plane. The sensitivity analysis of the knuckle models was conducted for six directions of the unit force, and the proper uniaxial force orientations of the two knuckle models were determined for the maximum stress similarity in the triaxial load case in terms of the magnitude and orientation of the critical plane. 
  • 1.2K
  • 19 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Thermal properties and applications of nanofluids
The nanofluids (NFs) are known as a colloidal suspension where nanoparticles (NPs) are dispersed in conventional base fluids (BFs). This suspension has been frequently used to improve the heat transfer (HT) capacity of a fluid by studying their thermophysical properties. The NFs thermal properties and their applications are being used in different fields of engineering, ranging from machining to renewable energies. In machining, NFs play a prominent role in the processes of turning, milling, drilling, and grinding, being responsible for their optimization as well as improving the useful life of the tools and reducing costs. In the solar energy field, NFs have been used in the thermal management of the panels, controlling and homogenizing the operating temperature of these systems. In the biomedical area, the advantages of using NFs come from the treatment of cancer cells, the development of vaccines before the improvement of diagnostic imaging, and many others.
  • 1.2K
  • 08 Feb 2022
Topic Review
The Limitations of Pressure Wave Supercharger
One main direction in improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine, together with lowering the emissions, is supercharging, i.e., creating a considerable amount of boost for the inlet combustion air. Turbochargers are the most commonly used for this task, but another advantageous alternative exploiting the energy within exhaust gases is the pressure wave supercharger (PWS).
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Improvement of Energy Storage in Phase Change Materials
Utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) is one of the most effective methods of storing thermal energy and is gaining popularity in renewable energy systems. In order to analyze PCM performance, various numerical methods have been deployed to study the transient behaviour during phase changes. PCMs’ low thermal conductivity prevents their use as pure PCMs in industrial applications. There are various efficient methods of enhancing PCM thermal conductivity.
  • 1.2K
  • 13 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Fretting Corrosion at Microgrooved Taper of Hip Implants
Fretting corrosion at the head–neck interface of modular hip implants entails regional inflammation and adverse local tissue reactions. Surface topography is one key factor which can influence the severity of this damage mechanism. The methodologies together with the assumptions and main findings from both the experimental and numerical studies are presented to evaluate the performance of the microgrooved junctions using two criteria as: stability and integrity; wear, corrosion, and material loss. Current research needs and possible future research directions for the microgrooved junctions are then identified and presented.
  • 1.2K
  • 07 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques
Boiling is considered an important mode of heat transfer (HT) enhancement and has several industrial cooling applications. Boiling has the potential to minimize energy losses from HT devices, compared with other convection or conduction modes of HT enhancement.
  • 1.2K
  • 29 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Machine Learning Algorithms for Oil and Lubricant Industry
Machine learning algorithms, namely- linear regression, logistic regression, support vector machines, discriminant analysis, naïve bayes, decision trees, and artificial neural network, will significantly influence the lubricant industry in coming decades, enabling the development of predictive models for lubricant performance, wear analysis, and formulation optimization. These algorithms have shown promise in leveraging complex datasets to provide insights into tribological behavior, paving the way for more efficient and tailored lubricant solutions.
  • 1.2K
  • 16 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Ammonia Production Plants
Ammonia (NH3) is a fundamental manufacturing component and the cheapest compound combining nitrogen with raw elements, utilized in more than 76% of all nitrogen-based products. 
  • 1.2K
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Fault Detection in Building Systems
Energy consumption in buildings is a significant cost to the building’s operation. As faults are introduced to the system, building energy consumption may increase and may cause a loss in occupant productivity due to poor thermal comfort. Research towards automated fault detection and diagnostics has accelerated in recent history. Rule-based methods have been developed for decades to great success, but recent advances in computing power have opened new doors for more complex processing techniques which could be used for more accurate results.
  • 1.2K
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
In situ DIC for AM
A critical review is presented of in situ full-field measurements provided by digital image correlation (DIC) for inspecting and enhancing additive manufacturing (AM) processes. The principle of DIC is firstly recalled and its applicability during different AM processes systematically addressed. Relevant customisations of DIC in AM processes are highlighted regarding optical system, lighting and speckled pattern procedures. A perspective is given in view of the impact of in situ monitoring regarding AM processes based on target subjects concerning defect characterisation, evaluation of residual stresses, geometric distortions, strain measurements, numerical modelling validation and material characterisation. Finally, a case study on in situ measurements with DIC for wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is presented emphasizing opportunities, challenges and solutions.
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Passive Control of Base Pressure
In the present world, passive control finds application in various areas like flow over blunt projectiles, missiles, supersonic parallel diffusers (for cruise correction), the engine of jets, static testbeds of rockets, the ports of internal combustion engines, vernier rockets, and single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) rockets. In this study, various passive control techniques to control the base pressure and regulate the drag force are discussed. In the study, papers ranging from subsonic, sonic, and supersonic flow are discussed. Different types of passive control management techniques like cavity, ribs, dimple, static cylinder, spikes, etc., are discussed in this review article.
  • 1.1K
  • 23 Feb 2021
Topic Review
3D-Printed Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites by Fused Deposition Modelling
Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) can be manufactured by Fused deposition modeling. An introduction to FRPC and the types of fibers used in producing FRPC are summarised in this article.  
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Nature-Inspired Designs in Wind Energy: A Review
The field of wind energy stands at the forefront of sustainable and renewable energy solutions, playing a pivotal role in mitigating environmental concerns and addressing global energy demands. Biomimetics, drawing inspiration from biological systems, has long intrigued engineers and designers, tracing back to Leonardo da Vinci’s studies of bird flight and even earlier to myths like Daedalus and Icarus. Historical references, including King Solomon’s throne adorned with mechanical creatures and the Talmud’s tales of the Golem, illustrate this enduring fascination.
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Feb 2024
Topic Review
Background on Exoskeletons
Robotic exoskeletons are wearable devices with rigid links and mechanical joints corresponding to the anatomy of the human body. Even though different body locations have different anatomical properties and complexities that might require different design choices, the main variable defining an exoskeleton design is its application field.
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Water Desalination Systems Based on Renewable Energy Resources
Water desalination (WD) has been required for the supply of drinking water in a number of countries. Various technologies of WD utilize considerable thermal and/or electrical energies for removing undesirable salts. Desalination systems now rely on renewable energy resources (RERs) such as geothermal, solar, tidal, wind power, etc. The intermittent nature and changeable intensity constrain the wide applications of renewable energy, so the combination of energy storage systems (ESSs) with WD in many locations has been introduced.
  • 1.1K
  • 06 Apr 2023
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