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Topic Review
Pioglitazone-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles
Albeit, the relationship between diabetes drugs and the progression of atherosclerosis is still elusive, Pioglitazone (PGZ; 5-[[4-[2-(5-ethylpyridin-2-yl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]–1,3- thiazolidine-2,4-diona), one of the most frequently prescribed anti-diabetic medication in the United States, slows the progression of atherosclerosis.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Dimeric/Multimeric Anticoagulant DNA Aptamers
Multivalent interactions frequently occur in biological systems and typically provide higher binding affinity and selectivity in target recognition than when only monovalent interactions are operative. Thus, taking inspiration by nature, bivalent or multivalent nucleic acid aptamers recognizing a specific biological target have been extensively studied in the last decades. Indeed, oligonucleotide-based aptamers are suitable building blocks for the development of highly efficient multivalent systems since they can be easily modified and assembled exploiting proper connecting linkers of different nature. Thus, substantial research efforts have been put in the construction of dimeric/multimeric versions of effective aptamers with various degrees of success in target binding affinity or therapeutic activity enhancement. Several dimeric and multimeric DNA-based aptamers, including those forming G-quadruplex (G4) structures, were designed as anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticoagulant, and anticancer agents and their number is certainly bound to grow in the near future. In this content, we here focus on dimeric/multimeric constructs designed as anticoagulant agents.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Dec 2020
Biography
Giovanni N. Roviello
Dr. Giovanni Roviello graduated with honors in chemistry from Federico II University (2002, Naples, Italy) and received his PhD in Biotechnology from the same university in 2006. He works as a senior researcher at the Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB) of the Italian National Council for Research (CNR) in Naples, Italy. He was a visiting researcher in Germany (Institute of Molecular Bi
  • 1.1K
  • 16 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Small Molecules Influence Inflammasome
Inflammasomes are immune cytosolic oligomers involved in the initiation and progression of multiple pathologies and diseases. The tight regulation of these immune sensors is necessary to control an optimal inflammatory response and recover organism homeostasis. Prolonged activation of inflammasomes result in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, and the use of small drug-like inhibitory molecules are emerging as promising anti-inflammatory therapies.
  • 1.1K
  • 25 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Food-Based Carbon Dots for Biomedical Applications
Thermal treatment is one of the common methods used in food processing to reduce microbial activity and control the presence of foodborne pathogens. During thermal processing, carbonization reactions are often observed in foods, which could result in the formation of carbon dots (CDs). Typical CDs are regarded as organic carbonization products with sizes less than 20 nm, exhibiting excitation-dependent fluorescence properties. They possess sp2/sp3 carbon skeletons and feature an abundance of functional groups and polymer chains within their structures. The surface of CDs is rich in hydrophilic compounds, including carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amine groups, contributing to their excellent water dispersibility.
  • 1.1K
  • 26 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Engineering Nicotinamide Cofactors for Continuous-Flow Biocatalysis
Nicotinamide cofactors represent the most common low-potential redox cofactor used in biocatalysis. Although a promising approach, cofactor immobilization depends on the chemical modification of the cofactor to enable the formation of a covalent bond between the cofactor and its flexible linker. The chemical modification of NAD(P)+/NAD(P)H remains challenging, and the major routes used to achieve it are reviewed herein.
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Lysophosphatidic Acid and Cancer
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mediator primarily derived from membrane phospholipids. LPA initiates cellular effects upon binding to a family of G protein-coupled receptors, termed LPA receptors (LPAR1 to LPAR6). LPA signaling drives cell migration and proliferation, cytokine production, thrombosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and lymphangiogenesis.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Synergistic Effect of Nanoparticles
The synergistic impact of nanomaterials is critical for novel intracellular and/or subcellular drug delivery systems of minimal toxicity. This synergism results in a fundamental bio/nano interface interaction, which is discussed in terms of nanoparticle translocation, outer wrapping, embedding, and interior cellular attachment. The morphology, size, surface area, ligand chemistry and charge of nanoparticles all play a role in translocation.
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Jun 2024
Topic Review
MSNs for Cancer Treatment
Cancer treatment and therapy has made significant leaps and bounds in these past decades. However, there are still cases where surgical removal is impossible, metastases are challenging and chemotherapy and radiotherapy pose severe side effects. Therefore, the need to find more effective and specific treatments still exists. One of the ways is through the utilization of drug delivery agents (DDA) based on nanomaterials. In 2001, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were first used as DDA and have gained considerable attention in this field. The popularity of MSNs is due to their unique properties such as tunable particle and pore size, high surface area and pore volume, easy functionalization and surface modification, high stability and their capability to efficiently entrap cargo molecules. This review describes the latest advancement of MSNs as DDA for cancer treatment. We focus on the fabrication of MSNs, the challenges in DDA development and how MSNs address the problems through development of smart DDA using MSNs. Besides that, MSNs have also been applied as a multifunctional DDA where they can serve in both diagnostic and treatment of cancer. Overall, we argue MSNs provide a bright future for both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. 
  • 1.1K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Metal-Promoted Heterocyclization
The recent formulation, production, and ongoing administration of vaccines represent a starting point in the battle against SARS-CoV-2, but they cannot be the only aid available. In this regard, the use of drugs capable to mitigate and fight the virus is a crucial aspect of the pharmacological strategy. Among the plethora of approved drugs, a consistent element is a heterocyclic framework inside its skeleton. Heterocycles have played a pivotal role for decades in the pharmaceutical industry due to their high bioactivity derived from anticancer, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory capabilities. In this context, the development of new performing and sustainable synthetic strategies to obtain heterocyclic molecules has become a key focus of scientists.
  • 1.1K
  • 09 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Oxidative Crosslinking of Peptides and Proteins
Covalent crosslinks within or between proteins play a key role in determining the structure and function of proteins. Some of these are formed intentionally by either enzymatic or molecular reactions and are critical to normal physiological function. Others are generated as a consequence of exposure to oxidants (radicals, excited states or two-electron species) and other endogenous or external stimuli, or as a result of the actions of a number of enzymes (e.g., oxidases and peroxidases). Increasing evidence indicates that the accumulation of unwanted crosslinks, as is seen in ageing and multiple pathologies, has adverse effects on biological function.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Injectable Cryogels
Cryogels are interconnected macroporous materials that are synthesized from a monomer solution at sub-zero temperatures. 
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Jun 2021
Topic Review
COVID 19 BIBILOGRAPHIC DRUG DISCUSSIONS
In this type of note some Probable synthetic drugs both the Non Antiviral as well as Antiviral synthetic drugs servingagainst Covid19 commonly used under trial basis are taken into discussion .Starting from Hydroxy- Chloroquine sulphateto Remdesivir just some points are discussed only but the in detail study regarding Structure , SAR , Q –SAR ,Formulations Pharmacology / Bio-logical activities are available in the following BIBILOGRAPHIC discussions
  • 1.1K
  • 05 Nov 2020
Topic Review
Influenza Antiviral Drugs
Influenza virus is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease that causes seasonal outbreaks each year and unpredictable pandemics occasionally with high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. Besides the limited effect of vaccines, the prob-lem is exacerbated by the lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against all flu strains. Cur-rently, there are two classes of antiviral drugs available that are chemosynthetic and approved against influenza A virus for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, but the appearance of drug-resistant virus strains is a serious issue that strikes at the core of influenza control. There is therefore an urgent need to develop new antiviral drugs. Many reports have shown that the de-velopment of novel bioactive plant extracts and microbial extracts has significant advantages in influenza treatment.
  • 1.1K
  • 01 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Pancreatic Cancer Treatment by Nab-Paclitaxel with Gemcitabine Combination
Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates among cancers, and a combination of nab-paclitaxel with gemcitabine remains the cornerstone of first-line therapy. Nab-paclitaxel with gemcitabine in combination with other therapeutic agents can be new treatment strategies in pancreatic cancer. Seven therapeutic agents (ibrutinib, necuparanib, tarextumab, apatorsen, cisplatin, enzalutamide, and momelotinib) are found. 
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Hybrid Azine Derivatives
Infectious diseases caused by microorganisms are a major threat to human health, mostly because of drug resistance, multi-drug resistance and extensive-drug-resistance phenomena to microbial pathogens. During the past, obtaining hybrid azaheterocyclic drugs represents a powerful and attractive approach in modern antimicrobial therapy with very promising results including overcoming microbial drug resistance.
  • 1.0K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Dynamics
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo morphological changes in order to adapt to cellular demands. These changes are orchestrated by the coordinated cycles of fusion and fission, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, and dysregulation of these processes contributes to disease development. 
  • 1.0K
  • 19 May 2021
Topic Review
Fluorine-Containing Glycomimetics
Glycomimetics, which are synthetic molecules designed to mimic the structures and functions of natural carbohydrates, have been developed to overcome the limitations associated with natural carbohydrates. The fluorination of carbohydrates has emerged as a promising solution to dramatically enhance the metabolic stability, bioavailability, and protein-binding affinity of natural carbohydrates.
  • 1.0K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Structural biology in coronavirus-receptor interaction
Mass spectrometry and some other biophysical methods, have made substantial contributions to the studies on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human proteins interactions. The most interesting feature of SARS-CoV-2 seems to be the structure of its spike (S) protein and its interaction with the human cell receptor. Mass spectrometry of spike S protein revealed how the glycoforms are distributed across the S protein surface. X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy made huge impact on the studies on the S protein and ACE2 receptor protein interaction, by elucidating the three-dimensional structures of these proteins and their conformational changes. The findings of the most recent studies in the scope of SARS-CoV-2-Human protein-protein interactions are described here.
  • 1.0K
  • 15 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Pharmacology of LENART01, a Dermorphin–Ranatensin Hybrid Peptide
Diverse chemical and pharmacological strategies are currently being explored to minimize the unwanted side effects of currently used opioid analgesics while achieving effective pain relief. The use of multitarget ligands with activity at more than one receptor represents a promising therapeutic approach.
  • 1.0K
  • 16 Apr 2024
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