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Topic Review
Targeted Therapies for Vestibular Schwannoma
Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor that originates from Schwann cells in the vestibular component. Surgical treatment for VS has gradually declined, especially for small tumors. Gamma knife radiosurgery has become an accepted treatment for VS, with a high rate of tumor control. For neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2)-associated VS resistant to radiotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-targeted therapy (e.g., bevacizumab) may become the first-line therapy. A clinical trial using a VEGFR1/2 peptide vaccine was also conducted in patients with progressive NF2-associated schwannomas, which was the first immunotherapeutic approach for NF2 patients. Targeted therapies for the gene product of SH3PXD2A-HTRA1 fusion may be effective for sporadic VS. Several protein kinase inhibitors could be supportive to prevent tumor progression because merlin inhibits signaling by tyrosine receptor kinases and the activation of downstream pathways, including the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 pathways. Tumor-microenvironment-targeted therapy may be supportive for the mainstays of management. The tumor-associated macrophage is the major component of immunosuppressive cells in schwannomas. 
  • 1.3K
  • 26 May 2022
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Agent
Extracellular vesicles (Evs) can be found in all biological fluids, making them the perfect non-invasive diagnostic tool, as their cargo causes functional changes in the cells upon receiving, unlike synthetic drug carriers. EVs last longer in circulation and instigate minor immune responses, making them the perfect drug carrier.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Use of Virtual Labs in the Tertiary Education
There is a growing demand for Virtual Laboratories (VLabs) in tertiary education to support remote, flexible, and equitable learning. Most of the universities in Australia offer distance education to students who do not attend on-campus classes. On-line labs allowing access via an internet connection can offer learners the required infrastructure to complete their lab tasks without attending physical lab facilities. The onset of COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 has seen further spike in demand for VLabs as accessing online lab facilities to undertake hands on activities from anywhere and anytime was imperative during lockdown periods.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Sep 2022
Topic Review
TNF Receptor Associated Factor-2 in Immune Signaling Pathways
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor-2 (TRAF2) is an intracellular adapter protein with E3 ligase activity, which interacts with a plethora of other signaling proteins, including plasma membrane receptors, kinases, phosphatases, other E3 ligases, and deubiquitinases. TRAF2 is involved in various cancer-relevant cellular processes, such as the activation of transcription factors of the NFκB family, stimulation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling, autophagy, and the control of cell death programs. In a context-dependent manner, TRAF2 promotes tumor development but it can also act as a tumor suppressor.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Sep 2022
Topic Review
DSMod
As the next version of Windows NT after Windows 2000, as well as the successor to Windows Me, Windows XP introduced many new features but it also removed some others.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Proto-Tai
Proto-Tai is the reconstructed proto-language (common ancestor) of all the Tai languages, including modern Lao, Shan, Tai Lü, Tai Dam, Ahom, Northern Thai, Standard Thai, Bouyei, and Zhuang. The Proto-Tai language is not directly attested by any surviving texts, but has been reconstructed using the comparative method. It was reconstructed in 1977 by Li Fang-Kuei and by Pittayawat Pittayaporn in 2009.
  • 1.3K
  • 19 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer
Cancer is the most common disease impacting individuals; it can affect one in two people in industrialized countries. Additionally, it has continued to be a burden upon societies worldwide. Furthermore, the most prevalent forms of cancers are those occurring within the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal cancers are the various cancers arising within the gastrointestinal tract or in any of its associated organs, the most prevalent of which are: the stomach, liver, pancreas, esophagus, and colorectal cancers. Importantly, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is believed to be one of the leading causes of cancer-induced deaths globally. Furthermore, in the case of colorectal cancer (CRC), one in three people are expected not to live past five years once diagnosed. 
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Operative Forecasting of Electric Energy Consumption
Balancing the production and consumption of electricity is an urgent task. Its implementation largely depends on the means and methods of planning electricity production. Forecasting is one of the planning tools since the availability of an accurate forecast is a mechanism for increasing the validity of management decisions. Both classical and modern forecasting methods have been identified when forecasting electric energy consumption. Classical forecasting methods are based on the theory of regression and statistical analysis (regression, autoregressive models); probabilistic forecasting methods and modern forecasting methods use classical and deep-machine-learning algorithms, rank analysis methodology, fuzzy set theory, singular spectral analysis, wavelet transformations, Gray models, etc. Operational forecasting is the research subject of many scientists; it touches upon the issues of operational management of the operating modes of power facilities.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Non-Road Mobile Machinery Emission Studies
The term Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM) covers a broad range of machinery, with or without bodywork and wheels, that are installed with a combustion engine, either a spark ignition (SI) petrol engine or a combustion ignition (CI) diesel engine, and that are not intended for carrying passengers or goods on the road. The study of NRMM emissions in the literature has largely been overshadowed by their on-road counter parts due to data on NRMM not being as freely available.
  • 1.3K
  • 20 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Driving Oxidative Stress in Organ Transplantation
During organ procurement, redox-stress triggered ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable, which in addition to pre-existing damage negatively affects such organs. 
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Insulin Resistance
There has been a wide debate about the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) leucine, valine, and isoleucine, with, on the one hand, the supporters of their anabolic effects and, on the other hand, those who suspect them of promoting insulin resistance. Indeed, the role of leucine in the postprandial activation of protein synthesis has been clearly established, even though supplementation studies aimed at taking advantage of this property are rather disappointing. Furthermore, there is ample evidence of an association between the elevation of their plasma concentrations and insulin resistance or the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, although there are many confounding factors, starting with the level of animal protein consumption. 
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Major Advances and Emerging Concepts of EPR-Enhancing Strategies
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is dynamic and a phenomenon of tumor blood vessels, which is mostly dependent on blood flow. Animal models of solid tumors rich in blood flow demonstrated enhanced EPR effects. The strategies to enhance the EPR effect can be broadly classified into pharmacological and physical-based approaches.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Cross-Talk of Gasotransmitters and Sphingolipid Signalling
Redox-active mediators are now appreciated as powerful molecules to regulate cellular dynamics such as viability, proliferation, migration, cell contraction, and relaxation, as well as gene expression under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. These molecules include the various reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO∙), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). For each of these molecules, direct targets have been identified which transmit the signal from the cellular redox state to a cellular response. There is a cross-regulation existing between the redox mediators and sphingolipid molecules that have a fundamental impact on a cell’s fate and organ function. 
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Strategies for Improving Transdermal Administration
A transdermal delivery system is a painless method of drug administration through intact skin. Transdermal patches favor the controlled release of active ingredients through the skin into systemic circulation.Substances with analgesic effects can be administered on the skin in the form of topical patches made to produce local effects or transdermal patches that ensure the controlled and prolonged release of the active substance.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Natural Compounds: Advantages of Combination Therapy in Cancer
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and latest predictions indicate that cancer-related deaths will increase over the next few decades. Despite significant advances in conventional therapies, treatments are still far from ideal due to limitations such as lack of selectivity, non-specific distribution, and multidrug resistance. Some researches are focusing on the development of several strategies to improve the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents and, as a result, overcome the challenges associated with conventional therapies. In this regard, combined therapy with natural compounds and other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutics or nucleic acids, has recently emerged as a new strategy for tackling the drawbacks of conventional therapies.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 May 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Targets in Atopic Dermatitis
Atopic dermatitis represents a complex and multidimensional interaction that represents potential fields of preventive and therapeutic management. In addition to the treatment armamentarium available for atopic dermatitis, novel drugs targeting significant molecular pathways in atopic dermatitis biologics and small molecules are also being developed given the condition’s complex pathophysiology. While most of the patients are expecting better efficacy and long-term control, the response to these drugs would still depend on numerous factors such as complex genotype, diverse environmental triggers and microbiome-derived signals, and, most importantly, dynamic immune responses. 
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Jul 2023
Topic Review
Structure and Function of UHRF1
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and its incidence and mortality are increasing each year. Improved therapeutic strategies against cancer have progressed, but remain insufficient to invert this trend. Along with several other risk factors, abnormal genetic and epigenetic regulations play a critical role in the initiation of cellular transformation, as well as tumorigenesis. The epigenetic regulator UHRF1 (ubiquitin-like, containing PHD and RING finger domains 1) is a multidomain protein with oncogenic abilities overexpressed in most cancers. Through the coordination of its multiple domains and other epigenetic key players, UHRF1 regulates DNA methylation and histone modifications. This well-coordinated dialogue leads to the silencing of tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs) and facilitates tumor cells’ resistance toward anticancer drugs, ultimately promoting apoptosis escape and uncontrolled proliferation. Several studies have shown that the downregulation of UHRF1 with natural compounds in tumor cells induces the reactivation of various TSGs, inhibits cell growth, and promotes apoptosis.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain and P2P Energy Trading in India
Advancing the sustainable energy transition is a major need in nations that are constantly evolving and developing in terms of their energy economy. India has been chosen for the purpose of analysis due to the heterogenous nature of its polity, topographies, infrastructural capabilities and diverse framework. Blockchain technology that facilitates a transparent transition is incorporated on various upcoming platforms. This is backed up by peer-to-peer trading of energy providing a prosumer with an autonomous environment.
  • 1.3K
  • 26 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Job Quality
We present the concept of job quality and its measurement. We discuss a recently introduced approach which evaluates job quality at the worker-level (micro-level). It considers eleven dimensions grouped into three main groups: core objective dimensions, complementary objective dimensions, and subjective dimensions.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Oct 2020
Topic Review
GAN Gene
Gigaxonin
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Dec 2020
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