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Topic Review
Current Advanced on Raman Spectroscopy
Nowadys, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been used in several studies on animal cells. Also, the method is popular among biophysicists and life science researchers. RS allows for the study of living cells in their natural conditions without any damage. RS is a well-known approach used in many of biomedical studies. Since biomolecules are involved, the main obstacle to the use of such methods in life science research is the low signal of Raman scattering. There are a number of modifications of RS that allow Raman scattering to be improved. There are existing approaches to detect Raman signals not only on the surface of human skin, but also inside the vasculature and various organs of patients.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Magnavox Odyssey²
The Magnavox Odyssey², also known as Philips Odyssey², is a second generation home video game console that was released in 1978. It was sold in Europe as the Philips Videopac G7000, in Brazil as the Philips Odyssey and in Japan as Odyssey2 (オデッセイ2 odessei2). The Odyssey² was one of the major three home consoles prior to the 1983 video game market crash, along with Atari 2600 and Intellivision. In the early 1970s, Magnavox pioneered the home video game industry by successfully bringing the first home console to market, the Odyssey, which was quickly followed by a number of later models, each with a few technological improvements (see Magnavox Odyssey series). In 1978, Magnavox, now a subsidiary of North American Philips, decided to release an all-new successor, Odyssey². In 2009, the video game website IGN named the Odyssey² the 21st greatest video game console, out of its list of 25.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Shark Agonistic Displays
Agonism is a broad term which encompasses many behaviours that result from, or are triggered by biological conflict between competing organisms. Approximately 23 shark species are capable of producing such displays when threatened by intraspecific or interspecific competitors, as an evolutionary strategy to avoid unnecessary combat. The behavioural, postural, social and kinetic elements which comprise this complex, ritualized display can be easily distinguished from normal, or non-display behaviour, considered typical of that species' life history. The display itself confers pertinent information to the foe regarding the displayer's physical fitness, body size, inborn biological weaponry, confidence and determination to fight. This behaviour is advantageous because it is much less biologically taxing for an individual to display its intention to fight than the injuries it would sustain during conflict, which is why agonistic displays have been reinforced through evolutionary time, as an adaptation to personal fitness. Agonistic displays are essential to the social dynamics of many biological taxa, extending far beyond sharks.
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Stream Classification Algorithms and Architectures
Areas of stream classification are diverse—ranging, e.g., from monitoring sensor data to analyzing a wide range of (social) media applications. Research in stream classification is related to developing methods that adapt to the changing and potentially volatile data stream. It focuses on individual aspects of the stream classification pipeline, e.g., designing suitable algorithm architectures, an efficient train and test procedure, or detecting so-called concept drifts. 
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Treatment Approach for CA T-Cell Mediated Kidney Rejection
Chronic active T-cell mediated kidney rejection (CA TCMR) refers to the term that was described for the very first time during the XIII Banff Conference on Allograft Pathology in 2015 as a variant of kidney allogenic graft rejection associated with long-term graft loss. Since then, the scientific community tries to establish optimal scheme of diagnostic methods and therapeutic approach. 
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Health Information Systems for Healthcare
Health information system deployment has been driven by the transformation and digitalization confronting healthcare. The need and potential of these systems within healthcare have been tremendously driven by the global instability that has affected several interrelated sectors. Accordingly, many research studies have reported on the inadequacies of these systems within the healthcare arena, which have distorted their potential and offerings to revolutionize healthcare.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Nutritional Advice for Patients with Xerostomia
Xerostomia and hyposalivation are highly prevalent conditions in old age, particularly among multimorbid elders, and are often attributed to the use of multiple medications. These conditions negatively affect oral functions, such as chewing, swallowing, speech, and taste. Additionally, the lack of lubrication of the oral mucosa frequently leads to super-infections with candida.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Jul 2023
Topic Review
The Antitumor Activity of s-Triazine Derivatives
1,3,5-triazine derivatives, also called s-triazines, are a series of containing-nitrogen heterocyclic compounds that play an important role in anticancer drug design and development. Three s-triazine derivatives, including altretamine, gedatolisib, and enasidenib, have already been approved for refractory ovarian cancer, metastatic breast cancer, and leukemia therapy, respectively, demonstrating that the s-triazine core is a useful scaffold for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. 
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Dental Stem Cells
Stem cells of the teeth can contribute to the regeneration of non-dental organs, namely mammary glands. According to a new study from researchers at the University of Zurich, dental epithelial stem cells from mice can generate mammary ducts and even milk-producing cells when transplanted into mammary glands. This could be used for post-surgery tissue regeneration in breast cancer patients. The ability of adult stem cells to generate various tissue-specific cell populations is of great interest in the medical and dental research fields. These cells can replace damaged cells and therefore represent a good alternative to classical medical treatments for tissue regeneration. This may even allow the de novo formation entire tissues and organs in the future.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Subtractive Shading Envelope's Computational Workflow
This study proposes a voxel-based design approach based on the subtractive mechanism of shading envelopes and attributes information of point cloud data in tropical climates. In particular, the proposed method evaluates a volumetric sample of new buildings based on predefined shading performance criteria. With the support of geometric and radiometric information stored in point cloud such as position (XYZ), color (RGB), and reflection intensity (I), an integrated computational workflow between passive design strategy and 3D scanning technology is developed. It aims not only to compensate for some pertinent aspects of the current 3D site modelling such as vegetation and surrounding buildings but also to investigate surface characteristics of existing contexts such as visible sun vectors and material properties. These aspects are relevant for conducting a comprehensively environmental simulation while averting negative microclimatic impacts when locating the new building into the existing context. Ultimately, this study may support architects for taking decision-making in conceptual design stage based on the real contextual conditions.
  • 1.3K
  • 18 Aug 2020
Topic Review
Complex Motions in Soft Robotics
During the last years, great progress was made in material science in terms of concept, design and fabrication of new composite materials with conferred properties and desired functionalities. The scientific community paid particular interest to active soft materials, such as soft actuators, for their potential as transducers responding to various stimuli aiming to produce mechanical work. Inspired by this, materials engineers today are developing multidisciplinary approaches to produce new active matters, focusing on the kinematics allowed by the material itself more than on the possibilities offered by its design. Traditionally, more complex motions beyond pure elongation and bending are addressed by the robotics community. From basic kinematics (bending, twisting, shear, and compression/elongation) and towards the generation of complex motions (when building the actuator  into the rest of the robot body), several mechanical programming strategies are described in the literature. A wide set of complex motions can be obtained, strongly related to the targeted application.  We define complex motions as deformations beyond pure elongation, shear, twist or bending.
  • 1.3K
  • 31 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Social Life Cycle Assessments
Society’s interest in social impacts of products, services and organizational behaviors is rapidly growing. While life cycle assessments to evaluate environmental stressors have generally been well established in many industries, approaches to evaluate social impacts such as Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA) lack methodological consistency and standardization. The aim of this paper is to identify past developments and methodological barriers of S-LCA and to summarize how the automotive industry contributed to the advancement or application of this method.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Drought Stress Responses: Coping Strategy and Resistance
Plants’ resistance to stress factors is a complex trait that is a result of changes at the molecular, metabolic, and physiological levels. The plant resistance strategy means the ability to survive, recover, and reproduce under adverse conditions. Harmful environmental factors affect the state of stress in plant tissues, which creates a signal triggering metabolic events responsible for resistance, including avoidance and/or tolerance mechanisms. 
  • 1.3K
  • 16 May 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Strategic People Management in China
The increasing prominence of the Chinese economy in global business has prompted much interest and curiosity among policymakers, business practitioners, and scholars seeking to better understand the phenomenon of Chinese management. Based on China’s sustainable gross domestic product (GDP) growth, which has led the country to assume a top economic power position in terms of GDP based on the purchasing power parity (PPP) value, as well as its innovative capability enhancement to achieve a top position according to the World Intellectual Property Organization (WPO), it focuses on how China has become a reference point for emerging markets seeking to benchmark their sustainable growth in terms of the economic dimension. Special attention is given to enterprises' sustainable strategic people management to achieve excellent performance which aggregate at higher levels to reflect in the industry and the nation's competitiveness. 
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Combination Therapies in Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Until now, available therapeutic agents for AD treatment only provide symptomatic treatment. Since AD pathogenesis is multifactorial, use of a multimodal therapeutic intervention addressing several molecular targets of AD-related pathological processes seems to be the most practical approach to modify the course of AD progression. It has been demonstrated through numerous studies, that the clinical efficacy of combination therapy (CT) is higher than that of monotherapy. It is indeed difficult to combine several pharmacophores into a single molecule.  It is essential to carry out long-duration randomized controlled trials to establish whether CT delays disease progression in early AD stages. Other factors also need to be assessed in CT, such as its potential neuroprotective effects, cost-effectiveness, and a more exhaustive estimation of its potential benefits on the patients at the end-stage of AD.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Transport Energy Usage in Cities
Energy usage in cities is intertwined with its spatial configuration — the denser and more compact the city, the more concentrated and efficient the energy usage is to be expected. This entry compares spatial configuration with energy usage for person transport by cars, where energy usage is defined as a product of the variables traffic speed and traffic volume.
  • 1.3K
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Exosomes and Glioma Treatment
More than 40 years ago, vesicle structures, similar to “cytoplasmic fragments” physiologically released, were identified in the cellular matrix. Their peculiarity was their ability to contain various materials, including ribosomes, which are involved in several pathological and physiological activities.These systems were defined as extracellular vesicles (EVs), and they include a wide variety of vesicles (from 30 nm to 5 μm) released from the plasma membrane (PM) of many different cell types into several bodily fluids. All EVs present a lipid bilayer membrane that surrounds a pool of genetic material, cytosolic proteins, or cellular debris. However, they significantly differ in terms of size, biogenesis, mechanisms, and function. Among these membrane vesicles, the most well-studied EVs are exosomes.  Exosomes have sizes ranging between 30 and 150 nm and represent a homogenous population of EVs released from cells when multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are fused with the membrane through inward budding in a highly regulated process. As natural carrier systems, exosomes present low immunogenicity, low toxicity, stability in the bloodstream, and efficient cell uptake due to their endogenous cellular tropism. Furthermore their ability to mediate intercellular communication allows their use as a promising therapeutic and diagnostic tool.
  • 1.3K
  • 24 Nov 2020
Topic Review
TRIP13 Gene
Thyroid hormone receptor interactor 13: The TRIP13 gene provides instructions for making a protein that has several roles in cell division.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Watersheds
A watershed is defined by natural topographic boundaries as an ecosystem of integrated terrestrial and aquatic systems, rather than the political boundaries, in which all of the incoming precipitation and snowmelt are collected into the stream reaches while a river basin is an area of land drained by a river, its tributaries and watersheds.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing for Antimicrobial Materials
3D Printing, also known as fused filament fabrication (FFF), continues to open new routes to the production of high-performance and complex structures with enhanced properties and dynamic shapes that are unattainable via conventional fabrication methods. 
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Jun 2021
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