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Topic Review
Non-Thermal Processing on Proteins
Proteins represent one of the major food components that contribute to a wide range of biophysical functions and dictate the nutritional, sensorial, and shelf-life of food products. Different non-thermal processing technologies (e.g., irradiation, ultrasound, cold plasma, pulsed electric field, and high-pressure treatments) can affect the structure of proteins, and thus their solubility as well as their functional properties.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Diosmetin Exerts Synergistic Effects in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic medication commonly used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the drug-associated adverse effects and toxicity have greatly affected its clinical use. Diosmetin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of many cancer cells, including CRC cells. The findings suggest that 5-FU/diosmetin combination exhibits synergistic effect against HCT116 cancer cells, and potentially reduces the unfavorable adverse effect of 5-FU while enhancing the anticancer efficacy by inducing apoptosis and interrupting mitosis.
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Sustainable Tourism Destination Image Projection
A successful and positive tourism destination image (TDI)  would promote tourists’ visitation and benefit the sustainable development of the destination. Except destination management organizations(DMO), Web 2.0 era enables tourists to be an important agent to project TDI.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Viral Vaccine Platforms
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with decreased susceptibility to the neutralizing antibody responses induced by currently available COVID-19 vaccines raises the possibility of breakthrough infections. Thus, alternative or complementary approaches are needed to develop vaccines able to induce a lasting immunological response. In the case of global public health emergencies, governmental vaccine design can benefit from a range of platform technologies, including conventional vaccines such as inactivated and live-attenuated vaccines, the innovative new class of DNA- and RNA-based vaccines and promising protein-based vaccines. Compared with conventional vaccines, molecular-based platforms may offer a more versatile tool against new emergent viruses, allowing fast, low-cost, and scalable vaccine manufacturing. Essentially, these platforms rely on the use of a system to deliver and present a new antigen (or a synthetic gene) to rapidly target an emergent pathogen. Currently, there are four different platforms used to develop viral vaccines: whole virus, nucleic acid-based, viral vectors, and protein and virus-like particles (VLPs). The choice of platform takes into account many factors, including the way the immune system responds to the specific viral infection, vaccination strategies and policies, and the best technology or approach to create the specific vaccine.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Anti-Cancer Effects of Oleuropein
Longevity and lower morbidity and mortality have long been associated with olive oil use in the Mediterranean diet. Olive leaves have been used to treat malaria fever since ancient times, and numerous studies have shown that olive oil and olive leaves can enhance health by reducing cardiovascular and neurological illnesses. Oleuropein (Ole) is the principal phenolic chemical found in all sections of the olive tree Olea europaea L., and their health advantages are described below, as it is found in all parts of the tree, particularly in raw olive fruit and leaves. Ole is an ester of oleanolic acid and hydroxytyrosol (HT), which was discovered in 1908. Ole aglycone is generated when Ole is hydrolyzed during the mechanical extraction of green olives, and it has a bitter taste. Ole is broken down into HT, which is found in abundance in processed olive oil and fruit. Ole can be degraded chemically or enzymatically. Many factors influence the amount of Ole in olive trees, including cultivar and production area, as well as soil moisture content, pollutants, and atmospheric conditions.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Aug 2022
Topic Review
The Blood–Brain Barrier and Drug Efflux Pumps
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most difficult tumors to treat. The one of major obstacle in GBM treatment is the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which prevents effective delivery of drugs to the central nervous system (CNS). Another key player impeding drug delivery into the CNS is the family of drug efflux pumps and more specifically the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. 
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Anti- and Pro-Oxidant Properties of Essential Oils
Natural products such as plant extracts and essential oils (EOs) have been viewed as potential candidates to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to their complex chemistry that carries inherent pro-oxidant and antioxidant properties. EOs and their constituents that hold pro-oxidant properties can induce oxidative stress by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to biological damage in target cells. In contrast, the antioxidant properties scavenge free radicals through offsetting ROS. Both pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities in EOs represent a promising strategy to tackle AMR.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Australia’s Far-Right
Far-right extremism transpires in virtual and physical space. Far-right extremism, as with most contemporary political movements, transpires across virtual and physical spaces. While social media platforms have become an increasingly popular medium for communicating far-right ideology, facilitating recruitment, and mobilising action among the far right, offline activism and activities continue to play a significant role. Herein, an overview of the literature on how Australian far-right extremist groups coordinate their online activism with their offline behaviour was provided.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Time-resolved Spectroscopy
In physics and physical chemistry, time-resolved spectroscopy is the study of dynamic processes in materials or chemical compounds by means of spectroscopic techniques. Most often, processes are studied after the illumination of a material occurs, but in principle, the technique can be applied to any process that leads to a change in properties of a material. With the help of pulsed lasers, it is possible to study processes that occur on time scales as short as 10−16 seconds.
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Steam Explosion Technology in Modification of Food Fiber
Steam explosion is a widely used hydrothermal pretreatment method, also known as autohydrolysis, which has become a popular pretreatment method due to its lower energy consumption and lower chemical usage. Steam explosion (SE) technology is a new type of physicochemical modification technology of food raw materials. SE is a method that presses high-pressure and high-temperature steam into cell walls and plant tissues, applying the thermochemical action of high-temperature cooking coupled with the physical tearing action of instantaneous blasting.
  • 1.3K
  • 07 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Lipid*omic*s in Rare Diseases
Lipids are defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic small molecules with a high solubility in organic solvents. Following water, lipids are the second most abundant components in mammalian cells. The lipidome comprises tens of thousands of different species, which are broadly subdivided into simple lipids, e.g., fatty acids (FA), or complex lipids, e.g. sphingolipids (SL), acylglycerols or phospholipids (PL). Lipids are crucial for structural compartmentalization by being major constituents of the semi-permeable plasma membranes formed by a lipid bilayer, majorly composed of PL and proteins.  Lipidomic changes in rare and undiagnosed diseases are often minor, consisting of complex patterns of subtle changes of a distinct set of lipids, which can be easily identified by lipidomics analysis.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Peptides in Health Management and Agriculture
Numerous bioactive peptides have been identified from edible insect species, including peptides that were enzymatically liberated from insect proteins and endogenous peptides that occur naturally in insects. The peptides exhibited diverse bioactivities, encompassing antioxidant, anti-angiotensin-converting enzyme, anti-dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, anti-glucosidase, anti-lipase, anti-lipoxygenase, anti-cyclooxygenase, anti-obesity, and hepatoprotective activities. Such findings point to their potential contribution to solving human health problems related to inflammation, free radical damage, diabetes, hypertension, and liver damage, among others. Bioactive peptides may have a positive impact on body functions and thus benefit human health. New information reporting their beneficial effects on the health of livestock and plants is also emerging. Bioactive peptides may be produced endogenously in humans, animals, and plants.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 May 2023
Topic Review
High-Quality Gastronomy for Tourism Offer
Food has evolved from a basic necessity to a primary motivation for travel. While providing a high-quality gastronomic offer is still a restaurant’s primary function, quality is no longer enough; today’s demanding guests seek unique and memorable dining experiences. A restaurant’s competences play a significant role in shaping the guests’ overall perception of the quality and derived perceived value, both of which ultimately impact the competitiveness of both the restaurant and the gastronomic destination. 
  • 1.3K
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Advancements and Challenges in IoT and Network Simulators
The Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as an important concept, bridging the physical and digital worlds through interconnected devices. Although the idea of interconnected devices predates the term “Internet of Things”, which was coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, the vision of a seamlessly integrated world of devices has been accelerated by advancements in wireless technologies, cost-effective computing, and the ubiquity of mobile devices. In this regard, Cloud infrastructures are crucial for orchestrating and collecting data from these ubiquitous devices.
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerases
Poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARP) are specialized enzymes that catalyze the addition of ADP ribose units from “nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-donor molecules” to their target substrates.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Jul 2021
Topic Review
Majorcan Cartographic School
"Majorcan cartographic school" is the term coined by historians to refer to the collection of predominantly Jewish cartographers, cosmographers and navigational instrument-makers and some Christian associates that flourished in Majorca in the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries until the expulsion of the Jews. The label is usually inclusive of those who worked in Catalonia. The Majorcan school is frequently contrasted with the contemporary Italian cartography school.
  • 1.3K
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Small Interfering RNA
Tumorigenesis is a complex and multistep process in which sequential mutations in oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes result in enhanced proliferation and apoptosis escape. Over the past decades, several studies have provided evidence that tumors are more than merely a mass of malignant cancer cells, with the tumor microenvironment (TME) also contributing to cancer progression. For this reason, the focus of cancer research in recent years has shifted from the malignant cancer cell itself to the TME and its interactions. Since the TME actively participates in tumor progression, therapeutic strategies targeting it have created great interest. In this context, much attention has been paid to the potential application of small interfering RNA (siRNA), a class of non-coding RNA that has the ability to downregulate the expression of target genes in a sequence-specific way. This is paving the way for a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer.
  • 1.3K
  • 30 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Barrier-Free Wheelchair and Mechanical Transmission
Wheelchairs are widely used around the world to provide mobility to the elderly and disabled [1]. However, the difficulty to access areas with curbs and stairs using a standard electric-powered wheelchair limits the scope of activities, thereby declining the quality of life of those who depend on electric-powered wheelchairs. Although slopes and elevators are being introduced to promote barrier-free locomotion, it is difficult to implement them in all public facilities. Therefore, climbing up and down the stairs is inevitably a critical issue with respect to user safety. With the increasing interest in the aging population and health welfare around the world, various studies on indoor electric wheelchairs for the elderly and disabled are being conducted.
  • 1.3K
  • 23 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Categories of Step-Up DC-DC Converters
MICs can have either single-stage or two-stages conversion systems: single-stage MICs perform voltage boosting, MPPT and grid current control in a single DC-AC power conversion; two-stages MICs have a DC-DC stage to boost the PV module DC voltage (between 20 V–45 V) to a higher value (above 380 V, for instance) while tracking the PV module maximum power point, followed by a DC-AC stage, responsible to DC-link voltage regulation and the grid-tied functions.
  • 1.3K
  • 05 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Pragmatic Language Impairment
Pragmatic language impairment (PLI), or social (pragmatic) communication disorder (SCD), is an impairment in understanding pragmatic aspects of language. This type of impairment was previously called semantic-pragmatic disorder (SPD). People with these impairments have special challenges with the semantic aspect of language (the meaning of what is being said) and the pragmatics of language (using language appropriately in social situations). It is assumed that those with autism have difficulty with "the meaning of what is being said" due to different ways of responding to social situations. PLI is now a diagnosis in DSM-5, and is called social (pragmatic) communication disorder. Communication problems are also part of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD); however, the latter also show a restricted pattern of behavior, according to behavioral psychology. The diagnosis SCD can only be given if ASD has been ruled out.
  • 1.3K
  • 04 Oct 2022
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