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Topic Review
Global Value Chains' Upgrading and China’s Manufacturing Industry
The impact of the epidemic has caused temporary paralysis of the global supply chain, with a large number of enterprises ceasing production and work, resulting in bottlenecks in production and logistics, which has had a significant impact on the manufacturing industry.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 May 2023
Topic Review
Erythrocytes as Carriers of Therapeutic Enzymes
Therapeutic enzymes are biocatalyst drugs that bind to target substrates with a high affinity and specificity, catalyzing their conversion into their relevant products. The past five decades have seen the development of therapeutic enzymes for treating a wide range of medical conditions, including inherited enzyme deficiency disorders, acute poisoning, digestive disorders, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Chemical modifications of the native enzyme (e.g., conjugation with polyethylene glycol) are often employed in the manufacturing process to increase protein stability, decrease immunogenicity, reduce renal ultrafiltration and in some cases, to enable targeting of the enzyme to the appropriate cellular compartment. The erythrocyte carrier has been extensively studied as a strategy for overcoming these limitations and increasing therapeutic efficacy. For a majority of the therapeutic applications investigated, the ability of the cell to reseal after creating pores in the membrane has been exploited for the purpose of introducing therapeutic agents.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
The present investigation expands the knowledge on the immunogenic and tolerogenic potential of the chemotherapy drugs commonly used in the therapy of AML such as Daunorubicin, Cytarabine, Fludrabine and Etoposide . Among these, important differences have been observed, indicating that, particularly in an era when immunotherapy is being included in the clinical stage of AML treatment, the immunological perspective of chemotherapy should be taken into consideration in therapy decision-making. 
  • 1.3K
  • 28 Sep 2020
Topic Review
Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction in AD
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. Histopathologically, AD presents with two hallmarks: neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and aggregates of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) both in the brain parenchyma as neuritic plaques, and around blood vessels as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). According to the vascular hypothesis of AD, vascular risk factors can result in dysregulation of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and hypoxia.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Predicting the Evolution of Syntenies
Syntenies are genomic segments of consecutive genes identified by a certain conservation in gene content and order. The notion of conservation may vary from one definition to another, the more constrained requiring identical gene contents and gene orders, while more relaxed definitions just require a certain similarity in gene content, and not necessarily in the same order. Regardless of the way they are identified, the goal is to characterize homologous genomic regions, i.e., regions deriving from a common ancestral region, reflecting a certain gene co-evolution that can enlighten important functional properties.
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Biochar in Soil Systems Regulation
Biochar is a carbon-rich material prepared from the pyrolysis of biomass under various conditions. Recently, biochar drew great attention due to its promising potential in climate change mitigation, soil amendment, and environmental control. Obviously, biochar can be a beneficial soil amendment in several ways including preventing nutrients loss due to leaching, increasing N and P mineralization, and enabling the microbial mediation of N2O and CO2 emissions.
  • 1.3K
  • 25 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Intestinal Permeability and Liver Cirrhosis
An alteration of gut microbiota and their products, particularly endotoxins may play a major role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. Gut dysbiosis caused by a high-fat diet and alcohol consumption induces increased intestinal permeability, the so-called “leaky gut.” Clinical studies have found that plasma endotoxin levels are elevated in patients with chronic liver diseases. The decreased diversity of gut microbiota in cirrhotic patients before liver transplantation is also related to a higher incidence of posttransplant infections and cognitive impairment. The exposure to endotoxins activates macrophages via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), leading to a greater production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines including tumor necrosis factor–alpha, interleukin (IL)–6, and IL-8, which play key roles in the progression of liver diseases. TLR4 is also a major receptor activated by the binding of endotoxins in hepatic stellate cells, which play a crucial role in liver fibrogenesis that could develop into hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting the importance of the interaction between endotoxemia and TLR4 signaling as a target for preventing liver disease progression.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Jul 2021
Topic Review
VEGF Alters Photoreceptor Function
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major therapeutic target for blood–retina barrier (BRB) breakdown in diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and other hypoxic retinal vascular disorders. VEGF is a direct functional regulator of photoreceptors and VEGF up-regulation in DR is a contributing factor to diabetes-induced alteration of photoreceptor function. This information is critical to the understanding of the therapeutic effect and to the care of anti-VEGF drug-treated patients for BRB breakdown in DR, AMD, and other hypoxic retinal vascular disorders. 
  • 1.3K
  • 22 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Wearable Piezoresistive, Inertial Sensors, RRM
The demand for wearable devices to measure respiratory activity is constantly growing, finding applications in a wide range of scenarios (e.g., clinical environments and workplaces, outdoors for monitoring sports activities, etc.). Particularly, the respiration rate (RR) is a vital parameter since it indicates serious illness (e.g., pneumonia, emphysema, pulmonary embolism, etc.). Therefore, several solutions have been presented in the scientific literature and on the market to make RR monitoring simple, accurate, reliable and noninvasive.
  • 1.3K
  • 17 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Usefulness of Microbiome for Forensic Geolocation
Forensic microbiomics is a promising tool for crime investigation. Geolocation connects an individual to a certain place or location by microbiota.
  • 1.3K
  • 16 Dec 2021
Topic Review
Daily Persistent Headache and COVID-19
Dubbed Long COVID or Long-Haul COVID, those recovering from the initial COVID-19 infection may maintain clinical signs for longer than two or more weeks following the initial onset of the infection. The virus can gain entry into the CNS through axonal transport mediated through the olfactory nerve or hematogenous spread and can also cross the blood–brain barrier to access the temporal lobe and the brainstem. The neurologic and neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with COVID-19 patients are becoming a highly studied area due to the increased frequency of reported cases. Multiple hospital case series and observational studies have found a headache to be a common symptom among patients who are symptomatic with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The headache described by many of these patients is similar to new daily persistent headache (NDPH). NDPH potentially develops in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines during a persistent systemic or CNS inflammation, mostly due to the initial infection. The treatments investigated were high-dose steroids, tetracycline derivatives, onabotulinum toxin type A, and long-term multidrug regimens. Among the identified symptoms of post-COVID-19 viral illness, fatigue appears to be the most ubiquitous. 
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Techniques Related to Chinese Speech Emotion Recognition
The use of Artificial Intelligence for emotion recognition has attracted much attention. The industrial applicability of emotion recognition is quite comprehensive and has good development potential. 
  • 1.3K
  • 12 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Failures and Flaws in Fused Deposition Modeling
The potential failures and flaws associated with fused deposition modeling (FDM) or fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology are highlighted. The focus is on presenting the failures and flaws that are caused by the operational standpoints and which are based on the many years of experience with current and emerging materials and equipment for the 3D printing of polymers and composites using the FDM/FFF method. FDM or FFF 3D printing, which is also known as an additive manufacturing (AM) technique, is a material processing and fabrication method where the raw material, usually in the form of filaments, is added layer-by-layer to create a three-dimensional part from a computer designed model.
  • 1.3K
  • 13 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Innovation Research in Tourism
Innovation, seen as a means to cope with such change and uncertainty, is perceived as the main source of competitive advantage and performance in the ever-changing tourism domain. Such significance of innovation for the tourism sector has attracted the attention of many researchers over time, and innovation studies in tourism have increased, especially after 2002.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Jul 2022
Topic Review
Historic and Prehistoric Epidemics
Since life on earth developed, parasitic microbes have thrived. Increases in host numbers, or the conquest of a new species, provide an opportunity for such a pathogen to enjoy, before host defense systems kick in, a similar upsurge in reproduction. Outbreaks, caused by “endemic” pathogens, and epidemics, caused by “novel” pathogens, have thus been creating chaos and destruction since prehistorical times. To study such (pre)historic epidemics, recent advances in the ancient DNA field, applied to both archeological and historical remains, have helped tremendously to elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of pathogens.
  • 1.3K
  • 11 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Alundra 2: A New Legend Begins
Alundra 2: A New Legend Begins (アランドラ2 魔進化の謎, Arandora 2 Ma Shinka no Nazo, Alundra 2: The Mystery of Magic Evolution) is an action role-playing game developed by Matrix Software for the Sony PlayStation. It was published by SCEI in Japan and Activision worldwide. Unlike its predecessor, Alundra, Alundra 2 features a 3D look which opens up a new world of puzzles. Also, despite its title, Alundra 2 is a standalone sequel, and has no ties with the original. It has a whole new story with a different set of characters, including the main character, Flint. Compared to the darker storyline of Alundra, Alundra 2 has a more light-hearted storyline.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Medical and Dental Applications of Titania Nanoparticles
Titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are successfully employed in human food, drugs, cosmetics, advanced medicine, and dentistry because of their non-cytotoxic, non-allergic, and bio-compatible nature when used in direct close contact with the human body. These NPs are the most versatile oxides as a result of their acceptable chemical stability, lower cost, strong oxidation properties, high refractive index, and enhanced aesthetics. These NPs are fabricated by conventional (physical and chemical) methods and the latest biological methods (biological, green, and biological derivatives), with their advantages and disadvantages in this epoch. The significance of TiO2 NPs as a medical material includes drug delivery release, cancer therapy, orthopedic implants, biosensors, instruments, and devices, whereas their significance as a dental biomaterial involves dentifrices, oral antibacterial disinfectants, whitening agents, and adhesives. In addition, TiO2 NPs play an important role in orthodontics (wires and brackets), endodontics (sealers and obturating materials), maxillofacial surgeries (implants and bone plates), prosthodontics (veneers, crowns, bridges, and acrylic resin dentures), and restorative dentistry (GIC and composites).
  • 1.3K
  • 02 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Pollution in the Air
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely used in industrial and commercial applications, until they were banned in the late 1970s as a result of their significant environmental pollution. PCBs in the environment gained scientific interest because of their persistence and the potential threats they pose to humans. Traditionally, human exposure to PCBs was linked to dietary ingestion.
  • 1.3K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Treatment Techniques of Urban Artificial Landscape Water Bodies
Throughout the literature, terminologies such as “urban artificial water bodies”, “landscape water bodies”, “scenic water bodies”, and “landscape water” are all used to refer to any body of water that is created artificially or organically to enhance the aesthetic of towns, cities, and tourist destinations. They are referred to as artificial landscape water bodies (ALWs). ALWs are among the many green strategies adopted to improve the biodiversity, aesthetics, and general environmental health of urban environments. The challenge of pollution control in ALWs has seen the implementation of physical, chemical, and bio-ecological techniques. Generally, chemical techniques have been credited with providing rapid and effective solution to ALWs eutrophication and algae bloom, however their use may result in secondary pollution and harm to the ecological integrity of these water bodies. Physical techniques have also achieved some success in the control and remedy of ALWs.
  • 1.3K
  • 06 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Transformation of Rice Crop Technology in Indonesia
Rice is the Indonesian staple food with increasing demand in line with the growth of Indonesia’s population. The contribution of the agricultural sector to value addition and employment creation has generally changed with the development of agricultural innovation. For example, China has made remarkable progress in feeding 22% of the world’s population. Consequently, the agricultural technology transformation process must be phased in to ensure that the rural economic transformation is on track for sustainable food security. Therefore, government and private institutions associated with credit, inputs, and prices directly influence adoption, use, and yield levels. Support for research and extension will be able to guarantees efficient transformation of the rice yield gap. The adoption of these improved technologies by farmers depends on the capacity of national agricultural research centres and extension services, which require additional government resources and training.
  • 1.3K
  • 29 Dec 2022
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