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Topic Review
Industry 4.0 and Smart Data
The digital transformation of manufacturing firms, in addition to making operations more efficient, offers important opportunities both to promote the transition to a circular economy and to experiment with new techniques for designing smarter and greener products.
  • 1.4K
  • 18 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Statins and Cancer
Statins are one of the key drugs used in the course of hypercholesterolemia, the first of which is lovastatin, which was introduced to the market in 1987. Nowadays, mainly simvastatin, rosuvastatin and atorvastatin are used. The oldest and best-studied of them is simvastatin, but rosuvastatin is characterized by the greatest potency in the percentage reduction in low density lipoprotein (LDL), so it should be selected as the lipid-lowering drug of first choice in patients with cardiovascular diseases.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Mar 2022
Topic Review
Spermatogenesis and Male Fertility
Spermatogenesis is an extremely complex developmental process and involves the orderly differentiation of multiple types of spermatogenic cells, including mitotically proliferating spermatogonial cells, meiotically dividing spermatocytes, and spermatids that eventually mature into spermatozoa.
  • 1.4K
  • 17 Feb 2022
Topic Review
IoT in the Agricultural Industry
Agriculture resulted in the birth of sedentary human civilization and remains one of the world’s most significant sectors. However, despite its importance, a vast majority of agricultural techniques remain conventional. With a predicted worldwide population of 9.6 billion by 2050, a 70% increase in global food production is required to fulfill the ever-rising demand.  Internet of Things (IoT) is a term that has become increasingly popular in recent years in this context. The capacity to deal with dynamic workflow environments enables the IoT to address many current agricultural concerns. The IoT and its accompanying technologies have huge potential to boost agricultural productivity and can play a critical role in reshaping the agriculture industry.
  • 1.4K
  • 06 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Fleur de sel
As mechanized processes developed, small producers of traditional sea salt ceased to be competitive. However, when the valuable salt flower (a.k.a. fleur de sel, flower of salt) market appeared, it gave new breath to the activity of traditional salt pan production. Salt flower sensitivity and delicateness became a part of modern food habits. Its crystals present some grain differentiation and these can fulfill diversified consumer tastes. In cooking art, a regular fine flower of salt can be used to finish dishes, whereas a longer and thin grain known as ‘scale’ (a.k.a. écaille de fleur de sel in French) can be used for a more gourmet-like palate.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Individual Psychological Assessment
Individual psychological assessment (IPA) is a tool used by organizations to make decisions on employment. IPA allows employers to evaluate and maintain potential candidates for hiring, promotion, and development by using a series of job analysis instruments such as position analysis questionnaires (PAQ), occupational analysis inventory (OAI), and functional job analysis (FJA). These instruments allow the assessor to develop valid measures of intelligence, personality tests, and a range of other factors as means to determine selection and promotion decisions. Personality and cognitive ability are good predictors of performance. Emotional Intelligence helps individuals navigate through challenging organizational and interpersonal encounters. Since individual differences have a long history in explaining human behavior and the different ways in which individuals respond to similar events and circumstances, these factors allow the organization to determine if an applicant has the competence to effectively and successfully do the work that the job requires. These assessments are administered throughout organizations in different forms, but they share one common goal in the selection process, and that is the right candidate for the job.
  • 1.4K
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Driving Factors on Flood in Cambodia
Flooding in Cambodia, divided into riverine and flash floods, is subject to a multitude of common driving factors. As the MRC rightly noted, flooding in the country can be aggravated by numerous factors, including but not limited to climate change, infrastructure development, dam construction, land cover/use change, or land clearing.
  • 1.4K
  • 11 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Skeletal Muscle Gene Delivery
Since Jon A. Wolff found skeletal muscle cells being able to express foreign genes and Russell J. Mumper increased the gene transfection efficiency into the myocytes by adding polymers, skeletal muscles have become a potential gene delivery and expression target. Different methods have been developing to deliver transgene into skeletal muscles. Among them, viral vectors may achieve potent gene delivery efficiency. Therefore, non-viral biomaterial-mediated methods with reliable biocompatibility are promising tools for intramuscular gene delivery in situ. A series of advanced non-viral gene delivery materials and related methods have been reported, such as polymers, liposomes, cell penetrating peptides, as well as physical delivery methods.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
COVID-19 Impact on Yellow/Lassa Fever Infections in Nigeria
Lassa fever (LF) and yellow fever (YF) belong to a group of viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs). These viruses have common features and damages the organs and blood vessels; they also impair the body’s homeostasis. Some VHFs cause mild disease, while some cause severe disease and death such as in the case of Ebola or Marburg. LF virus and YF virus are two of the emerging viruses in Africa, resulting in severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. Lassa fever virus is continuously on the rise both in Nigeria and neighboring countries in West Africa, with an estimate of over 500,000 cases of LF, and 5000 deaths, annually. YF virus is endemic in temperate climate regions of Africa, Central America (Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador), and South America (such as Brazil, Argentina, Peru, and Chile) with an annual estimated cases of 200,000 and 30,000 deaths globally. 
  • 1.4K
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ocean Surface Topography Mission
The Ocean Surface Topography Mission (OSTM) on the Jason-2 satellite is an international Earth observation satellite mission that continues the sea surface height measurements begun in 1992 by the joint NASA/CNES TOPEX/Poseidon mission and followed by the NASA/CNES Jason-1 mission launched in 2001.
  • 1.4K
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Ecological Environment in Belt and Road Initiative Regions
With the widespread recognition and in-depth implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), especially in the context of global climate change, the ecological environment of Belt and Road Initiative regions might be confronted with pressures and challenges with rapid socioeconomic development. In response to those potential environmental challenges, China has put forward Green BRI and enriched the new Silk Road with more environmental connotations, aiming to reduce the conflict between economic development and eco-environmental protection.
  • 1.4K
  • 03 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Potential Bioactive Components in Fruits and Vegetable Wastes
The food production industry generates millions of tonnes of waste every day, making it a major contributor to global waste production. Given the growing public concern about this issue, there has been a focus on utilizing the waste generated from popular fruits and vegetables, which contain high-added-value compounds. By efficiently using food waste from the fruit and vegetable industries, we can promote sustainable consumption and production practices that align with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
  • 1.4K
  • 14 Apr 2023
Topic Review
BIM Interpretation Using SSD-MobileNet-V2 FPNLite and COCO mAP
Bahasa Isyarat Malaysia (BIM), also known as Malaysian Sign Language (MSL). BIM began its journey by forming a deaf school in Penang called the Federation School for the Deaf (FSD) in 1954. Studies have revealed that indigenous sign words arose through gestural communication amongst deaf students at the FSD outside their classroom.
  • 1.4K
  • 12 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Detecting VOC Biomarkers in the Exhaled Breath
In general, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have a high vapor pressure at room temperature (RT). It has been reported that all humans generate unique VOC profiles in their exhaled breath which can be utilized as biomarkers to diagnose disease conditions. The aforementioned discussions show that the human breath contains a variety of VOCs that serve as biomarkers for various diseases and metabolic problems. Therefore, the real-time monitoring of such VOCs in the exhaled human breath is highly essential to enable non-invasive illness detection. A detailed discussion has been carried out to understand various techniques developed to detect VOCs in very low concentrations of part per million volumes (ppmv), part per billion volumes (ppbv), and part per trillion volumes (pptv).
  • 1.4K
  • 09 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Electrohydrodynamic Atomization
Electrohydrodynamic atomization, which comprises electrospray and electrospinning, is a physical process induced by an external electric field. The setup of EHDA is relatively simple, consisting of a high-voltage source (positive or negative) that provides external electrical energy and a precursor feeding source mounted with a metal capillary nozzle facing a conductive collector. Although EHDA can be operated in an atmospheric environment, the setup is usually placed in a fume hood with good electrical isolation and ventilation to ensure safety while maintaining the temperature and relative humidity of the workspace.
  • 1.4K
  • 19 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Production of Fungal Pigments
Due to the negative environmental and health effects of synthetic colorants, pigments of natural origins of plants and microbes constitute an abundant source for the food, cosmetic, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. The demands for natural alternatives, which involve natural colorants and natural biological processes for their production, have been growing rapidly. Fungi contain some of the most prolific pigment producers, and they excel in bioavailability, yield, cost-effectiveness, and ease of large-scale cell culture as well as downstream processing.
  • 1.4K
  • 10 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Long-Chain Acyl-Carnitines
In the human heart, the energy supplied by the production of ATP is predominately accomplished by ß-oxidation in mitochondria, using fatty acids (FAs) as the primary fuel. Long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) are intermediate forms of FA transport that are essential for FA delivery from the cytosol into mitochondria.
  • 1.4K
  • 20 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Building Plumbing and Opportunistic Pathogens
The growth of Legionella pneumophila and other opportunistic pathogens (OPs) in drinking water premise plumbing poses an increasing public health concern. Premise plumbing is constructed of a variety of materials, creating complex environments that vary chemically, microbiologically, spatially, and temporally in a manner likely to influence survival and growth of OPs. Plastic pipes can leach organic carbon, but demonstrate a lower disinfectant demand and fewer water chemistry interactions. Iron pipes may provide OPs with nutrients directly or indirectly, exhibiting a high disinfectant demand and potential to form scales with high surface areas suitable for biofilm colonization. While copper pipes are known for their antimicrobial properties, evidence of their efficacy for OP control is inconsistent. Under some as yet not fully understood circumstances, copper’s interactions with premise plumbing water chemistry and resident microbes can encourage growth of OPs. Plumbing design, configuration, and operation can be manipulated to control such interactions and health outcomes. Influences of pipe materials on OP physiology should also be considered, including the possibility of influencing virulence and antibiotic resistance. In conclusion, all known pipe materials have a potential to either stimulate or inhibit OP growth, depending on the circumstances.
  • 1.4K
  • 22 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Assessing Multimodal Transport Systems
The reviewed multimodal transport cost model is based on a relatively simple framework but demonstrates that other existing models of modal choice, multimodal transport and inventory location all oversimplify the transport process. 
  • 1.4K
  • 15 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Bacteriophages as Fecal Pollution Indicators
Bacteriophages are promising tools for the detection of fecal pollution in different environments, and particularly for viral pathogen risk assessment. Having similar morphological and biological characteristics, bacteriophages mimic the fate and transport of enteric viruses. For this reason, enteric bacteriophages, especially phages infecting Escherichia coli (coliphages), have been proposed as alternatives or complements to fecal indicator bacteria.
  • 1.4K
  • 25 Jun 2021
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