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Topic Review
Health Benefits of Curcumin
Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid found in the rhizomes of turmeric. Due to its therapeutic action against cancer, depression, diabetes, some bacteria, and oxidative stress, it has been used widely in medicine since ancient times.
  • 799
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
Carbon-Supported Noble-Metal Nanoparticles
Noble-metal nanoparticles (NMNPs), with their outstanding properties, have been arousing the interest of scientists for centuries. Although our knowledge of them is much more significant today, and people can obtain NMNPs in various sizes, shapes, and compositions, our interest in them has not waned. When talking about noble metals, gold, silver, and platinum come to mind first. Still, people cannot forget about elements belonging to the so-called platinum group, such as ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, and iridium, whose physical and chemical properties are very similar to those of platinum. It makes them highly demanded and widely used in various applications. The current knowledge on the preparation of all noble metals is presented in the form of nanoparticles and their assembling with carbon supports.
  • 799
  • 27 Sep 2023
Topic Review
New Horizons in Structural Biology of Membrane Proteins
A third of both pro- and eukaryotic proteomes consist of membrane proteins. Housed in a milieu of hydrophobic molecules, they serve as crucial contacts of communication between the cytoplasm and non-cytosolic environments, making them essential pharmaceutical targets. While membrane proteins are notoriously difficult to investigate at any level, high-resolution structures of these targets only became feasible at the very end of the twentieth century. It was not until robust technological developments in the fields of X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and cryo-EM, that the scientific community at large, finally gained access to an ever-increasing number of atomic resolution structures, and began to rationalize how membrane proteins accommodate their function. As if the lack of structural information wasn’t enough to hamper progress, a higher level of complexity arose from the modern understanding of “one structure—one function” paradigm, a primitive simplification useful at the dawn of the scientific era, that has promptly lost credence to the complex maneuvers of membrane proteins.
  • 797
  • 26 Apr 2022
Topic Review
S-Denitrosylation in Glutathione and Redoxin Systems
S-nitrosylation of proteins occurs as a consequence of the derivatization of cysteine thiols with nitric oxide (NO) and is often associated with diseases and protein malfunction. Aberrant S-nitrosylation, in addition to other genetic and epigenetic factors, has gained rapid importance as a prime cause of various metabolic, respiratory, and cardiac disorders, with a major emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration. The S-nitrosoproteome, a term used to collectively refer to the diverse and dynamic repertoire of S-nitrosylated proteins, is relatively less explored in the field of redox biochemistry, in contrast to other covalently modified versions of the same set of proteins. Advancing research is gradually unveiling the enormous clinical importance of S-nitrosylation in the etiology of diseases and is opening up new avenues of prompt diagnosis that harness this phenomenon. Ever since the discovery of the two robust and highly conserved S-nitrosoglutathione reductase and thioredoxin systems as candidate denitrosylases, years of rampant speculation centered around the identification of specific substrates and other candidate denitrosylases, subcellular localization of both substrates and denitrosylases, the position of susceptible thiols, mechanisms of S-denitrosylation under basal and stimulus-dependent conditions, impact on protein conformation and function, and extrapolating these findings towards the understanding of diseases, aging and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. 
  • 797
  • 28 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Oxytocin for Addiction Disorders Treatment
Neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) has the capacity to modulate a wide spectrum of physiological and cognitive processes including motivation, learning, emotion, and the stress response playing a role in substance use disorders.
  • 795
  • 27 Apr 2021
Topic Review
TRPV3 Ion Channel
Transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 3 (TRPV3) is an ion channel with a sensory function that is most abundantly expressed in keratinocytes and peripheral neurons. TRPV3 plays a role in Ca2+ homeostasis due to non-selective ionic conductivity and participates in signaling pathways associated with itch, dermatitis, hair growth, and skin regeneration. TRPV3 is a marker of pathological dysfunctions, and its expression is increased in conditions of injury and inflammation.
  • 794
  • 24 May 2023
Topic Review
GRKs/Epac1 in Cardiac Remodeling
β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) play a major role in the physiological regulation of cardiac function through signaling routes tightly controlled by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs). 
  • 793
  • 21 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Lipids and Lipoproteins in Pregnancy
Inflammation and oxidative stress are essential components in a myriad of pathogenic entities that lead to metabolic and chronic diseases. Moreover, inflammation in its different phases is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. Therefore, an equilibrium between a necessary/pathologic level of inflammation and oxidative stress during pregnancy is needed to avoid disease development. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are important for a healthy pregnancy and a good neonatal outcome. Their role in fetal development during challenging situations is vital for maintaining the equilibrium. 
  • 792
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Antibiotic Self-Resistance in Natural Product Biosynthesis
Self-resistance determinants are essential for the biosynthesis of bioactive natural products and are closely related to drug resistance in clinical settings. The study of self-resistance mechanisms has long moved forward on the discovery of new resistance genes and the characterization of enzymatic reactions catalyzed by these proteins.
  • 790
  • 16 Jan 2023
Topic Review
Capsaicinoids and Their Effects on Cancer
Capsaicinoids are a unique chemical species resulting from a particular biosynthesis pathway of hot chilies (Capsicum spp.) that gives rise to 22 analogous compounds, all of which are TRPV1 agonists and, therefore, responsible for the pungency of Capsicum fruits. In addition to their human consumption, numerous ethnopharmacological uses of chili have emerged throughout history. More than 25 years of basic research accredit a multifaceted bioactivity mainly to capsaicin, highlighting its antitumor properties mediated by cytotoxicity and immunological adjuvancy against at least 74 varieties of cancer, while non-cancer cells tend to have greater tolerance. 
  • 790
  • 08 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Inflammatory Response Caused by UVR
Skin is the largest and most complex organ in the human body comprised of multiple layers with different types of cells. Different kinds of environmental stressors, for example, ultraviolet radiation (UVR), temperature, air pollutants, smoking, and diet, accelerate skin aging by stimulating inflammatory molecules. Skin aging caused by UVR is characterized by loss of elasticity, fine lines, wrinkles, reduced epidermal and dermal components, increased epidermal permeability, delayed wound healing, and approximately 90% of skin aging. These external factors can cause aging through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated inflammation, as well as aged skin is a source of circulatory inflammatory molecules which accelerate skin aging and cause aging-related diseases.
  • 789
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Disease Models in Rats
Rats (Rattus norvegicus) and mice (Mus musculus) belong to the same rodent family and have been the most widely used models in biomedical research for many years. However, there are several differences between these two animals. For example, the rat is larger (roughly about eight- to ten-fold) in size than the mouse, which provides a number of practical advantages, as exemplified by easier and more rapid microsurgery, multiple sampling of larger blood and tissue volumes, and precise injection of substances into blood vessels or the brain (reviewed by Kjell and Olson). Additionally, mice and rats differ in their physiology, behavior, and neurology. 
  • 789
  • 07 Mar 2022
Topic Review
AI Applications in Plant Genomic Prediction
Artificial intelligence (AI), boosted through deep learning (DL), has achieved significant breakthroughs and is a powerful tool for managing large complex datasets such as crop genetic markers genome and their association with crop phenotypes. AI techniques can be applied to analyze large amounts of genomic data and identify patterns that are difficult for humans to detect. These patterns can then be used to develop more accurate predictive models. 
  • 789
  • 05 May 2023
Topic Review
Inhibition of Cancer Development by Natural Plant Polyphenols
Plant polyphenols are one of the largest groups of secondary metabolites—it includes around 8000 compounds with different structures. Polyphenols may vary significantly by their chemical structure and molecular weight, but they always include at least one aromatic ring and hydroxyl group.
  • 789
  • 02 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Mitochondrial Regulation of Ferroptosis in Cancer Therapy
Ferroptosis, characterized by glutamate overload, glutathione depletion, and cysteine/cystine deprivation during iron- and oxidative-damage-dependent cell death, is a particular mode of regulated cell death. It is expected to effectively treat cancer through its tumor-suppressor function, as mitochondria are the intracellular energy factory and a binding site of reactive oxygen species production, closely related to ferroptosis. 
  • 788
  • 25 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Molecular Advances in Preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome
Preeclampsia (PE) constitutes one of the principal reasons for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. The circumstance typically implicates formerly healthful normotensive women, after 20 weeks of gestation, typically withinside the third trimester, without regarded threat elements or past deliveries. PE can be further complicated with hemolysis and thrombocytopenia, leading to the emergence of HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low platelets). Both conditions are classified as hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (HDP), and their pathogenesis has been linked to an excessive maternal inflammatory response, accompanied by enhanced endothelial activation. 
  • 787
  • 15 Apr 2022
Topic Review
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous population of  stromal precursors with high proliferative activity and multilineage differentiation, which keeps them in demand for clinical use. The MSC secretome affects the microenvironment promoting cytoprotection and tissue repair. Adipose tissue is one of the most perspective sources of MSCs since they can be obtained in sufficient amounts from patients using a minimally invasive procedure. With aging, the regenerative capabilities of the tissues that are largely due to the activity of adult stem cells are decreased. Due to their tissue niche role of maintaining homeostasis and auto-/paracrine regulation, MSCs are especially interesting from the point of view of cell senescence.  Senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is the most important cause of disturbance of cell communication, which leads to various consequences in the surrounding tissues during aging. 
  • 786
  • 01 Nov 2020
Topic Review
FABP in α-Synuclein-Induced Mitochondrial Injury
Synucleinopathies are diverse diseases with motor and cognitive dysfunction due to progressive neuronal loss or demyelination, due to oligodendrocyte loss in the brain. While the etiology of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) is likely multifactorial, mitochondrial injury is one of the most vital factors in neuronal loss and oligodendrocyte dysfunction, especially in Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy body, multiple system atrophy, and Krabbe disease. In recent years, the abnormal accumulation of highly neurotoxic α-synuclein in the mitochondrial membrane, which leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, was well studied. Furthermore, fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), which are members of a superfamily and are essential in fatty acid trafficking, were reported to trigger α-synuclein oligomerization in neurons and glial cells and to target the mitochondrial outer membrane, thereby causing mitochondrial loss.
  • 786
  • 02 Jun 2021
Topic Review
The Game of Tubulins
Members of the tubulin superfamily are GTPases; the activities of GTPases are necessary for life. The members of the tubulin superfamily are the constituents of the microtubules and the γ-tubulin meshwork. Mutations in members of the tubulin superfamily are involved in developmental brain disorders, and tubulin activities are the target for various chemotherapies. The intricate functions (game) of tubulins depend on the activities of the GTP-binding domain of α-, β-, and γ-tubulin.
  • 786
  • 30 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Elastic Fibre Proteins in Wound Healing
As essential components of people's connective tissues, elastic fibres give tissues such as major blood vessels, skin and the lungs their elasticity. In humans, the fibrillin family is composed of three highly conserved proteins, fibrillin-1, -2 and -3, all of which are engaged in the formation of microfibrils. Fibrillin-2 and -3 are mainly expressed in fetal tissues, while fibrillin-1 is continuously expressed throughout adulthood in tissues such as the heart, aorta, lung, nervous system and skin. Mutations in the FBN1 gene, which encodes fibrillin-1, are associated with MFS, isolated autosomal dominant ectopia lentis 1, mitral valve-aorta-skeleton-skin (MASS) syndrome, Weill–Marchesani syndrome (WMS), stiff skin syndrome, acromicric and geleophysic dysplasias and Marfanoid-progeroid-lipodystrophy syndrome. 
  • 786
  • 26 May 2022
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