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Gear Shifting in Biological Energy Transduction
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  • Update Date: 03 Oct 2023
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Playlist
  • gear shifting
  • thermodynamics
  • non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  • phenomenological stoichiometry
  • cell growth
  • ATP synthesis
Video Introduction

This video is adapted from 10.3390/e25070993

Confronted with thermodynamically adverse output processes, free-energy transducers may shift to lower gears, thereby reducing output per unit input. This option is well known for inanimate machines such as automobiles, but unappreciated in biology.

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Cite
If you have any further questions, please contact Encyclopedia Editorial Office.
Zhang, Y.; Westerhoff, H.V. Gear Shifting in Biological Energy Transduction. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/911 (accessed on 05 December 2025).
Zhang Y, Westerhoff HV. Gear Shifting in Biological Energy Transduction. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/911. Accessed December 05, 2025.
Zhang, Yanfei, Hans V. Westerhoff. "Gear Shifting in Biological Energy Transduction" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/911 (accessed December 05, 2025).
Zhang, Y., & Westerhoff, H.V. (2023, September 08). Gear Shifting in Biological Energy Transduction. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/video/video_detail/911
Zhang, Yanfei and Hans V. Westerhoff. "Gear Shifting in Biological Energy Transduction." Encyclopedia. Web. 08 September, 2023.
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