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Topic Review
Thermographic Techniques for Skin Cancer Diagnosis
Infrared (IR) thermography is one of the most promising technologies now available for the early detection of malignant diseases (such as skin and breast cancers). Its significant strengths are the absence of contact and dangerous radiation; it is also a non-invasive and cost-effective technique.
  • 158
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Myocardial Work in Coronary Artery Disease
Myocardial ischemia caused by coronary artery disease (CAD) and the presence of metabolic abnormalities and microvascular impairments detected in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are a common cause of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Transthoracic echocardiography is the most-used, non-invasive imaging method for the assessment of myocardial contractility. The accurate evaluation of LV function is crucial for identifying patients who are at high risk or may have worse outcomes. Myocardial work (MW) is emerging as an alternative tool for the evaluation of LV systolic function, providing additional information on cardiac performance when compared to conventional parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS) because it incorporates deformation and load into its analysis. The potential of MW in various conditions is promising and it has gained increased attention. 
  • 93
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Metabolomic Signatures of Treatment Response in Bladder Cancer
Bladder cancer (BC) stands as one of the most prevalent urological malignancies, with over 500 thousand newly diagnosed cases annually. Treatment decisions in BC depend on factors like the risk of recurrence, the type of tumor, and the stage of the disease. While standard therapeutic approaches encompass transurethral resection of the bladder tumor, radical cystectomy, and chemo- or immunotherapy, these methods exhibit limited efficacy in mitigating the aggressive and recurrent nature of bladder tumors. To overcome this challenge, it is crucial to develop innovative methods for monitoring and predicting treatment responses among patients with BC. Metabolomics is gaining recognition as a promising approach for discovering biomarkers. It has the potential to reveal metabolic disruptions that precisely reflect how BC patients respond to particular treatments, providing a revolutionary method to improve accuracy in monitoring and predicting outcomes.
  • 217
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Histoplasmosis in Solid Organ Transplantation
Histoplasma capsulatum, the etiological agent for histoplasmosis, is a dimorphic fungus that grows as a mold in the environment and as a yeast in human tissues. It has a broad global distribution with shifting epidemiology. While in immunocompetent individuals infection is usually self-resolving, solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of symptomatic disease with dissemination to extrapulmonary tissue. Diagnosis of histoplasmosis relies on direct observation of the pathogen (histopathology, cytopathology, and culture) or detection of antigens, antibodies, or nucleic acids. All transplant recipients with histoplasmosis warrant therapy, though the agent of choice and duration of therapy depends on the severity of disease.
  • 113
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Dynamical Systems Research in Psychotherapy
In psychotherapy research, the first applications of dynamical systems research (DSR) date back to the 1990s. Over time, DSR has developed three main lines of research: the study of oscillations in synchronization; the study of oscillations between stability and flexibility of process variables (S–F oscillations); the mathematical modeling to analyze the evolution of psychotherapy process.
  • 184
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Lumbar interbody fusion procedures have seen a significant evolution over the years, with various approaches being developed to address spinal pathologies and instability, including posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), and lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF). LLIF, a pivotal technique in the field, initially emerged as extreme/direct lateral interbody fusion (XLIF/DLIF) before the development of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF). To ensure comprehensive circumferential stability, LLIF procedures are often combined with posterior stabilization (PS) using pedicle screws. 
  • 113
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Lead–Acid Battery Faults
Lead–acid battery technology has been effectively fulfilling a variety of energy needs, ranging from classic car industry requirements to current plug-in hybrid electric vehicle requirements through any stationary system. Depending on the operating conditions, the battery can be affected in many ways. The same deterioration mechanisms affect all types of lead–acid batteries but to varying degrees. Two electrodes with the aqueous H2SO4 electrolyte (sulfuric acid) and the terminals are the main components of a lead–acid battery. A grid and the active material—PbO2 as the positive active material and Pb as the negative active material—make up the electrodes.
  • 313
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
NeRF-Based SLAM
Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems have shown significant performance, accuracy, and efficiency gains, especially when Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) are implemented. NeRF-based SLAM in mapping aims to implicitly understand irregular environmental information using large-scale parameters of deep learning networks in a data-driven manner so that specific environmental information can be predicted from a given perspective. NeRF-based SLAM in tracking jointly optimizes camera pose and implicit scene network parameters through inverse rendering or combines VO and NeRF mapping to achieve real-time positioning and mapping. 
  • 214
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Production of Organic Milk
Milk is one of the most valuable products in the food industry with most milk production throughout the world being carried out using conventional management, which includes intensive and traditional systems. The intensive use of fertilizers, antibiotics, pesticides and concerns regarding animal health and the environment have given increasing importance to organic dairy and dairy products. 
  • 104
  • 05 Mar 2024
Topic Review
FOXM1 Inhibitors in Combination with Cytotoxic Chemotherapy
Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) is a transcription factor in the forkhead (FOX) family, which is required for cellular proliferation in normal and neoplastic cells. FOXM1 is highly expressed in many different cancers, and its expression is associated with a higher tumor stage and worse patient-related outcomes. Abnormally high expression of FOXM1 in cancers compared to normal tissue makes FOXM1 an attractive target for pharmacological inhibition. FOXM1-inhibiting agents and specific FOXM1-targeted small-molecule inhibitors have been developed in the lab and some of them have shown promising efficacy and safety profiles in mouse models. While the future goal is to translate FOXM1 inhibitors to clinical trials, potential synergistic drug combinations can maximize anti-tumor efficacy while minimizing off-target side effects.
  • 114
  • 05 Mar 2024
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