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Topic Review
Cost-Effective Diagnostic Algorithm for Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
The increased detection of pancreatic cysts in recent years has triggered extensive diagnostic investigations to clarify their potential risk of malignancy, resulting in a large number of patients undergoing numerous imaging follow-up studies for many years. Therefore, there is a growing need for optimization of the current surveillance protocol to reduce both healthcare costs and waiting lists, while still maintaining appropriate sensibility and specificity. Imaging is an essential tool for evaluating patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) since it can assess several predictors for malignancy and thus guide further management recommendations. Although contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) has been widely recommended by most international guidelines, recent results support the use of unenhanced abbreviated-MRI (A-MRI) protocols as a surveillance tool in patients with IPMN. In fact, A-MRI has shown high diagnostic performance in malignant detection, with high sensitivity and specificity as well as excellent interobserver agreement. 
  • 296
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Class Imbalance Problem in Credit Risk Prediction
Credit, as defined by financial institutions such as banks and lending companies, represents a vital loan certificate issued to individuals or businesses. This certification mechanism plays a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth functioning of the financial sector, contingent upon comprehensive evaluations of creditworthiness.
  • 193
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Different Routing Problems in Transportation
Routing problems refer to a class of optimization problems concerned with finding the most efficient routes or sequences of visits for vehicles tasked with delivering goods or services. These problems typically involve determining optimal paths through a network of nodes (e.g., customers, locations) while satisfying various constraints such as vehicle capacity, time windows, and distance or time limitations.
  • 122
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Long Non-Coding RNAs in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel genetic biomarkers that can be used as exclusionary tools specific to Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). These historical biomarkers have been there for years, so a change in the approach is necessary to better diagnose and treat these NDDs.
  • 125
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Plasma-Driven Phenomena
Plasma-driven science is defined as the artificial control of physical plasma-driven phenomena based on complex interactions between nonequilibrium open systems.
  • 207
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Business Email Compromise Defender
In an era of ever-evolving and increasingly sophisticated cyber threats, protecting sensitive information from cyberattacks such as business email compromise (BEC) attacks has become a top priority for individuals and enterprises. According to the available literature, various authentication methods have been explored for validating physical documents using QR codes.
  • 655
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Exploring Geochemical Signatures in Production Water
Produced water denotes the water co-produced during hydrocarbon exploration and includes flow-back water, gas condensates, basinal brine, and/or mixtures. The hydrostatic pressure of coal bed formation water traps the gas generated in coal and shale beds.
  • 1.7K
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Extracellular Vesicles-Loaded Microneedle Technology
Microneedles (MNs), renowned for their painless and minimally invasive qualities, exhibit significant potential for facilitating effective drug delivery, vaccination, and targeted sample extraction. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), serving as cargo for MNs, are naturally occurring nanovesicles secreted by cells and characterized by novel biomarkers, low immunogenicity, and cell-source-specific traits. MNs prove instrumental in extracting EVs from the sample fluid, thereby facilitating a promising diagnostic and prognostic tool. To harness the therapeutic potential of EVs in tissue repair, MNs with sustained delivery of EVs leverage micron-sized channels to enhance targeted site concentration, demonstrating efficacy in treating various diseases, such as Achillea tendinopathy, hair loss, spinal cord injury, and diabetic ulcers. EV-loaded MNs emerge as a promising platform for repair applications of skin, cardiac, tendon, hair, and spinal cord tissues.
  • 345
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Molecular Markers of Embryo Quality
Evaluation of the optimal number of embryos, their quality, and the precise timing for transfer are critical determinants in reproductive success, although still remaining one of the main challenges in assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Indeed, the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments relies on a multitude of events and factors involving both the endometrium and the embryo. Despite concerted efforts on both fronts, the overall success rates of IVF techniques continue to range between 25% and 30%. The role of the endometrium in implantation has been recognized, leading to the hypothesis that both the “soil” and the “seed” play a central role in a successful pregnancy. In this respect, identification of the molecular signature of endometrial receptivity together with the selection of the best embryo for transfer become crucial in ART.
  • 353
  • 18 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Biofuel Vehicles
Biofuels and bioenergy are produced by processing biomass, or organic matter, from plants, crops, and their waste products. Biofuel can displace fuels made from petroleum because it comes from renewable sources. The only alternative energy source that can provide liquid fuels to take the place of fossil fuels is bioenergy. Biofuels are a viable alternative to meet future demand while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and environmental effects.
  • 582
  • 18 Mar 2024
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