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Topic Review
Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids
Ursolic and oleanolic acids are secondary plant metabolites that are known to be involved in the plant defence system against water loss and pathogens. Nowadays these triterpenoids are also regarded as potential pharmaceutical compounds, compounds or triterpenoid-enriched plant extracts exert various beneficial effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer, on model systems of both human or animal origin. Some of those effects have been linked to the ability of ursolic and oleanolic acids to modulate intracellular antioxidant systems and also inflammation and cell death-related pathways.
  • 742
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Ursolic Acid Targets Cancer Hallmarks
Cancer is a multifactorial disease characterized by various hallmarks, including uncontrolled cell growth, evasion of apoptosis, sustained angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and metastasis, among others. Traditional cancer therapies often target specific hallmarks, leading to limited efficacy and the development of resistance. Thus, there is a growing need for alternative strategies that can address multiple hallmarks concomitantly. Ursolic acid (UA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoid, has recently emerged as a promising candidate for multitargeted cancer therapy. 
  • 329
  • 05 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Ursolic Acid Pharmacodynamics towards Nuclear Receptor
Nuclear receptors (NRs) form a family of druggable transcription factors that are regulated by ligand binding to orchestrate multifaceted physiological functions, including reproduction, immunity, metabolism, and growth. NRs represent attractive and valid targets for the management and treatment of a vast array of ailments. Pentacyclic triterpenes (PTs) are ubiquitously distributed natural products in medicinal and aromatic plants, of which ursolic acid (UA) is an extensively studied member, due to its diverse bio-pertinent activities against different cancers, inflammation, aging, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and liver injury.
  • 472
  • 23 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Ursolic Acid in Cancer and Diabetic Neuropathy Diseases
Ursolic acid (UA) is a promising triterpenoid compound present in several plants’ leaves, flowers, and fruits. It shows a broad range of pharmaceutical properties and therapeutic effects. UA has been utilized as a herbal medicine with excellent pharmacological activities.
  • 687
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Ursa Minor
Ursa Minor, Latin for "Lesser Bear," is a constellation in the northern celestial hemisphere. It is best known for containing the North Star, Polaris, which marks the position of the north celestial pole and aids in navigation. Despite its small size and dim stars, Ursa Minor holds significant cultural and navigational importance throughout human history.
  • 399
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Ursa Major Moving Group
The Ursa Major Moving Group, also known as Collinder 285 and the Ursa Major association, is the closest stellar moving group – a set of stars with common velocities in space and thought to have a common origin in space and time. In the case of the Ursa Major group, all the stars formed about 300 million years ago. Its core is located roughly 80 light years away and part of the Local Bubble. It is rich in bright stars including most of the stars of the Big Dipper.
  • 599
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Ursa Major
Ursa Major, often referred to as the Great Bear, is one of the most recognizable and prominent constellations in the northern celestial hemisphere. Its distinctive shape, resembling a large bear with a long tail, has captivated human imagination for millennia. At the heart of Ursa Major lies the Big Dipper, a prominent asterism formed by seven bright stars that serve as a navigational guide and cultural icon across cultures and civilizations.
  • 549
  • 15 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Urological Safety and COVID-19 Vaccinations
During the COVID-19 pandemic, elective surgeries were suspended for many months, and only high-risk oncological cases were addressed, although an ambulatory follow-up and management of benign conditions, which can cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), were essential. In neurologic patients, for example, LUTS have a great impact on quality of life and social life, and their clinical conditions can seriously worsen if not properly addressed.
  • 609
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Urological Melanoma
Melanoma is reported as the 19th most common cancer worldwide, with estimated age-standardized incidence rates of 2.8–3.1 per 100,000. Although the origin is most frequently cutaneous, mucosal melanoma has been described several times in literature, and despite its rarity (only 1% of all melanomas), increasing attention is being paid to this disease form. Within this subgroup, melanomas of the uropoetic apparatus are a rarity among rarities. Indeed, less than 50 cases of primary melanoma originating from the urinary bladder have been described, and even less originating from the kidney, renal pelvis and urethra.
  • 597
  • 08 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Urological Manifestations of Systemic Vasculitides
Vasculitides are specific inflammations of the blood vessel wall that can take place in any organ system of the human body. They may occur as a primary process (primary systemic vasculitides, PSV) or may be secondary to another underlying disease.
  • 390
  • 20 Dec 2021
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