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Topic Review
Solid-State Color Centers for Single-Photon Generation
Single-photon sources are important for integrated photonics and quantum technologies, and can be used in quantum key distribution, quantum computing, and sensing. Color centers in the solid state are a promising candidate for the development of the next generation of single-photon sources integrated in quantum photonics devices. They are point defects in a crystal lattice that absorb and emit light at given wavelengths and can emit single photons with high efficiency. 
  • 164
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Postoperative Myocardial Infarction after Non-Cardiac Surgery
In patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery, perioperative myocardial infarction (PMI) is a threatened complication. Every year, not less than 300 million non-cardiac surgery interventions are performed in the world. Perioperative mortality after non-cardiac surgery is estimated at 2% in patients over 45 years of age. Cardiovascular events account for half of these deaths, and most are due to perioperative myocardial infarction (MINS). The diagnosis of postoperative myocardial infarction, before the introduction of cardiac biomarkers, was based on symptoms and electrocardiographic changes and its incidence was largely underestimated. The incidence of MINS when a standard troponin assay is used ranges between 8 and 19% but increases to 20–30% with high-sensitivity troponin assays. Higher troponin values suggesting myocardial injury, both with or without a definite diagnosis of myocardial infarction, are associated with an increase in 30-day and 1-year mortality. 
  • 216
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Improved Feature Selection for Social Internet of Things
The Social Internet of Things (SIoT) ecosystem tends to process and analyze extensive data generated by users from both social networks and Internet of Things (IoT) systems and derives knowledge and diagnoses from all connected objects. To overcome many challenges in the SIoT system, such as big data management, analysis, and reporting, robust algorithms should be proposed and validated. 
  • 83
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Game Theory Models to Support Manufacturing Systems
Game theory is a branch of mathematics that studies strategic decision making in situations where multiple agents interact with each other. It provides a framework for analyzing and predicting the behavior of players in competitive and cooperative scenarios. Game theory is a powerful tool for analyzing strategic decision making in various contexts.
  • 114
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Major Mycotoxins in Animal Feed
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi especially those belonging to the genus Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. Mycotoxin contamination can occur in all agricultural commodities in the field and/or during storage, if conditions are favourable to fungal growth. Regarding animal feed, five mycotoxins (aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A) are covered by the EU legislation (regulation or recommendation). Transgressions of these limits are rarely observed in official monitoring programs. However, low level contamination by Fusarium toxins is very common (e.g., deoxynivalenol - DON - is typically found in more than 50% of the samples) and co-contamination is frequently observed. Multi-mycotoxin studies reported 75%–100% of the samples to contain more than one mycotoxin which could impact animal health at already low doses.
  • 175
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Connecting the Elderly Using VR
An innovative approach for creating a social virtual reality (VR) platform that seamlessly blends art, technology, artificial intelligence (AI), and VR. Developed as part of a European project, the methodology is designed to safeguard and improve neurological, cognitive, and emotional functions, with a particular emphasis on promoting mental health.
  • 165
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
How Immune Responses Are Regulated
Most basic studies directed at how immune responses are regulated employ chemically “simple antigens”, usually purified proteins. The target antigens in many clinical situations, such as in autoimmunity, infectious diseases and cancer, are chemically “complex”, consisting of several distinct molecules, and they often are part of a replicating entity. 
  • 265
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Phytochemicals for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mainly comprises Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) and is a group of chronic relapsing disorders characterized by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract with variable phenotypic expression. Multiple factors have been implicated in the etiology of IBD, including environmental, genetic, microbiological and immunological interactions. However, the exact reasons remain unclear, although substantial progress in elucidating the complexity of IBD manifestation has been made in the past decades. There is clinical overlap of symptoms of CD and UC, including bloody or watery diarrhea, recurrent abdominal pain, tenesmus as well as non-specific systemic symptoms such as fatigue, fever and weight loss. CD can affect various parts of the intestine, i.e., both small and large intestine, while UC is known to affect only the colon. IBD usually follows a lifelong pattern of remissions and flare-ups that impacts the quality of life of patients. The inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract during flare-ups is mediated by neutrophils that release cytokines, enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to damage and even ulceration of the mucosa.
  • 171
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Teachers’ Attitude and Behavioral Intention toward Online Teaching
Online teaching, with its potential to provide accessible, flexible, timely, and lifelong learning opportunities, is considered an essential approach for achieving sustainable learning and education. Because university faculties’ attitude toward online teaching and behavioral intention for online teaching directly affects the motivation, effort, and success of online teaching, this is crucial for the sustainable development of online education; even in the post-pandemic era, where online learning is no longer a requirement, college teachers with a positive attitude and behavioral intention will continue to attempt online teaching activities during the teaching process, thus transforming online learning or blended learning into the new norm in higher education. Therefore, online teaching attitude and behavioral intention research merits the special attention.
  • 242
  • 19 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Detection of Hate Speech in Arabic
Hate speech towards a group or an individual based on their perceived identity, such as ethnicity, religion, or nationality, is widely and rapidly spreading on social media platforms. This causes harmful impacts on users of these platforms and the quality of online shared content. Fortunately, researchers have developed different machine learning algorithms to automatically detect hate speech on social media platforms. However, most of these algorithms focus on the detection of hate speech that appears in English. There is a lack of studies on the detection of hate speech in Arabic due to the language’s complex nature. 
  • 136
  • 19 Mar 2024
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