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Topic Review
Social sustainability orientation and supply chain performance
The Brundtland Report implicitly assumes that environmental and social care are linked to economic performance. Although subsequent international conventions have sought to be increasingly precise about what sustainable actions mean, it remains an academic and strategic challenge to delineate what these dimensions mean at the individual, organizational, and sociocultural levels.
  • 179
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
BIM-Based Repair History Management for Architectural Heritage
Wooden architectural heritage, which is typically heavily influenced by climatic factors such as temperature and humidity, relies on information contained in records and reports, including past repairs and physical measurements, to analyze the cause of damage and determine potential repair and conservation measures.
  • 194
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Microbiota in Long COVID
Long COVID has emerged as a huge threat to human health and economy globally. The human microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, participating in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Thus, multiple studies have found that the nasopharyngeal microbiota is altered in COVID-19 patients, with these changes associated with the onset and/or severity of the disease. However, little is known about the involvement of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of long COVID.
  • 245
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Polymer-Based Materials for Space Radiation Shielding
Space exploration requires the use of suitable materials to protect astronauts and spacecraft components (e.g. onboard electronics) from the hazardous effects of radiation, in particular, ionizing radiation, which is ubiquitous in the hostile space environment. In this scenario, polymer-based materials and composites play a crucial role in achieving effective radiation shielding while providing low-weight and tailored mechanical properties to different types of spacecraft elements.
  • 182
  • 21 Mar 2024
Topic Review
The Composition and Structure of Silk Fibroin
Silk fibroin is the principal component of raw silk and represents an extensively studied and utilized biopolymer. Silk fibroin is composed by three chains, light, heavy, and P25 protein. Heavy chain is rigorously organized in redundant aminoacidic sequences rich in glycine and alanine, secondary structure is organized in anti-parallel β-sheets that in turn form β-crystallites stacked in nano-fibrils. Those peculiar fibroin’s structural and compositional elements are crucial to determine the excellent physical properties, such as strength and toughness. Besides these characteristics, the processability and biocompatibility have attracted significant attention for the fabrication of several biomaterials suitable in many fields of application.
  • 564
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Synthetic Datasets
With the consistent growth in the importance of machine learning and big data analysis, feature selection stands to be one of the most relevant techniques in the field. Extending into many disciplines, the use of feature selection in medical applications, cybersecurity, DNA micro-array data, and many more areas is witnessed. Machine learning models can significantly benefit from the accurate selection of feature subsets to increase the speed of learning and also to generalize the results. Feature selection can considerably simplify a dataset, such that the training models using the dataset can be “faster” and can reduce overfitting. Synthetic datasets were presented as a valuable benchmarking technique for the evaluation of feature selection algorithms.
  • 176
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Techniques for Theoretical Prediction of Immunogenic Peptides
Small peptides are an important component of the vertebrate immune system. They are important molecules for distinguishing proteins that originate in the host from proteins derived from a pathogenic organism, such as a virus or bacterium. Consequently, these peptides are central for the vertebrate host response to intracellular and extracellular pathogens. Computational models for prediction of these peptides have been based on a narrow sample of data with an emphasis on the position and chemical properties of the amino acids. In past literature, this approach has resulted in higher predictability than models that rely on the geometrical arrangement of atoms. However, protein structure data from experiment and theory are a source for building models at scale, and, therefore, knowledge on the role of small peptides and their immunogenicity in the vertebrate immune system. The following sections introduce procedures that contribute to theoretical prediction of peptides and their role in immunogenicity. Lastly, deep learning is discussed as it applies to immunogenetics and the acceleration of knowledge by a capability for modeling the complexity of natural phenomena.
  • 399
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Stablecoins
A stablecoin is a digital currency issued by a private company or financial institution, with its value pegged to a fiat currency, basket of fiat currencies, or commodity, such as gold. Because this paper considers only stablecoins pegged to fiat currencies, such as the U.S. dollar or euro, we use “fsCOIN,” as our abbreviation for a “fiat-currency-denominated stablecoin”.
  • 239
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Oligonucleotide-Based Biosensors in Early Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge, with late-stage diagnosis impacting treatment options and decreased survival rates. To address this, there has been a growing interest in the development of innovative screening and diagnostic methods. Nanobiosensors have undergone multiple iterations and unveiled remarkable features that pledge to reshape patient care. 
  • 196
  • 20 Mar 2024
Topic Review
Importance of Destination Attributes of Sustainable Urban Waterfronts
The waterfront area refers to the region in a town or city that borders a body of water, emphasizing the relationship between land and water. Destination attributes were grouped into two types: sustainable landscapes (aesthetics, water resource rehabilitation, sustainable lighting, emotional experiences, and low-impact development waterfronts) and sustainable recreational spaces (leisure activities, festivals, inclusive destinations, photography, and tourist experiences). Two destination attributes common to-- both types were identified: nightscapes and waterfronts. 
  • 302
  • 20 Mar 2024
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