Subject:
All Disciplines Arts & Humanities Biology & Life Sciences Business & Economics Chemistry & Materials Science Computer Science & Mathematics Engineering Environmental & Earth Sciences Medicine & Pharmacology Physical Sciences Public Health & Healthcare Social Sciences
Sort:
Hottest Latest Alphabetical (A-Z) Alphabetical (Z-A)
Type:
All Topic Review Biography
Topic Review
Scunthorpe Problem
The Scunthorpe problem is the unintentional blocking of websites, e-mails, forum posts or search results by a spam filter or search engine because their text contains a string (or substring) of letters that appear to have an obscene or otherwise unacceptable meaning. Names, abbreviations, and technical terms are most often cited as being affected by the issue. The problem arises since computers can easily identify strings of text within a document, but interpreting words of this kind requires considerable ability to interpret a wide range of contexts, possibly across many cultures, which is an extremely difficult task. As a result, broad blocking rules may result in false positives affecting innocent phrases.
  • 3.4K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scroll Lock
Scroll lock (⤓ or ⇳) is a lock key (typically with an associated status light) on most IBM-compatible computer keyboards. Depending on the operating system, it may be used for different purposes and applications may assign functions to the key or change their behaviour depending on its toggling state. The key is not frequently used, and therefore some reduced or specialized keyboards lack altogether. Pressing performs the same function as pressing . This behavior is a remnant of the original IBM PC keyboards, which did not have a dedicated key. Instead, they assigned the Pause function to and the Break function to .
  • 559
  • 09 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scriptural Reasoning
Scriptural Reasoning ("SR") is one type of interdisciplinary, interfaith scriptural reading. It is an evolving practice in which Christians, Jews, Muslims, and sometimes members of other faiths, meet to study their sacred scriptures together, and to explore the ways in which such study can help them understand and respond to particular contemporary issues. Originally developed by theologians and religious philosophers as a means of fostering post-critical and postliberal corrections to patterns of modern reasoning, it has now spread beyond academic circles. The claims made by some of Scriptural Reasoning's founder practitioners that they have requisite knowledge of ancient traditions of Islamic, Jewish and Christian exegesis and also the authority to apply such traditional wisdom to correct modernist binarist or fundamentalist readings, have been challenged by theologians of different faiths. The practical outworking of some Scriptural Reasoning projects have been criticised for alleged lack of parity between participating religions, and alleged instrumentalising of sacred texts for political and financial purposes.
  • 487
  • 04 Oct 2022
Topic Review
SCORE
SCORE is a scorewriter program, written in FORTRAN for MS-DOS by Stanford University Professor Leland Smith (1925–2013) with a reputation for producing very high-quality results. It was widely used in engraving during the 1980s and 1990s and continues to have a small, dedicated following of engravers, many of whom regard it as the world's best music-engraving program due to its ability to position symbols precisely on the page. Several publications set using SCORE have earned Paul Revere and German Musikpresse engraving awards.
  • 831
  • 08 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Scientific Workflow System
A scientific workflow system is a specialized form of a workflow management system designed specifically to compose and execute a series of computational or data manipulation steps, or workflow, in a scientific application.
  • 366
  • 24 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scientific Community Metaphor
In computer science, the scientific community metaphor is a metaphor used to aid understanding scientific communities. The first publications on the scientific community metaphor in 1981 and 1982 involved the development of a programming language named Ether that invoked procedural plans to process goals and assertions concurrently by dynamically creating new rules during program execution. Ether also addressed issues of conflict and contradiction with multiple sources of knowledge and multiple viewpoints.
  • 202
  • 18 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) is a broad term used to group together these academic disciplines. This term is typically used to address an education policy or curriculum choices in schools. It has implications for workforce development, national security concerns (as a shortage of STEM-educated citizens can reduce effectiveness in this area) and immigration policy. There is no universal agreement on which disciplines are included in STEM; in particular whether or not the science in STEM includes social sciences, such as psychology, sociology, economics, and political science. In the United States, these are typically included by organizations such as the National Science Foundation (NSF). The National Science Foundation deals with all matters concerning science and new discoveries in science as it affects development, research, and innovations, the Department of Labor's O*Net online database for job seekers, and the Department of Homeland Security. In the United Kingdom, the social sciences are categorized separately and are instead grouped together with humanities and arts to form another counterpart acronym HASS (Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences), rebranded in 2020 as SHAPE (Social Sciences, Humanities and the Arts for People and the Economy).
  • 1.1K
  • 14 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Schwarz Triangle Function
In complex analysis, the Schwarz triangle function or Schwarz s-function is a function that conformally maps the upper half plane to a triangle in the upper half plane having lines or circular arcs for edges. Let πα, πβ, and πγ be the interior angles at the vertices of the triangle. If any of α, β, and γ are greater than zero, then the Schwarz triangle function can be given in terms of hypergeometric functions as: where a = (1−α−β−γ)/2, b = (1−α+β−γ)/2, c = 1−α, a′ = a − c + 1 = (1+α−β−γ)/2, b′ = b − c + 1 = (1+α+β−γ)/2, and c′ = 2 − c = 1 + α. This mapping has singular points at z = 0, 1, and ∞, corresponding to the vertices of the triangle with angles πα, πγ, and πβ respectively. At these singular points, This formula can be derived using the Schwarzian derivative. This function can be used to map the upper half-plane to a spherical triangle on the Riemann sphere if α + β + γ > 1, or a hyperbolic triangle on the Poincaré disk if α + β + γ < 1. When α + β + γ = 1, then the triangle is a Euclidean triangle with straight edges: a = 0, [math]\displaystyle{ _2 F_1 \left(a, b; c; z\right) = 1 }[/math], and the formula reduces to that given by the Schwarz–Christoffel transformation. In the special case of ideal triangles, where all the angles are zero, the triangle function yields the modular lambda function. This function was introduced by H. A. Schwarz as the inverse function of the conformal mapping uniformizing a Schwarz triangle. Applying successive hyperbolic reflections in its sides, such a triangle generates a tessellation of the upper half plane (or the unit disk after composition with the Cayley transform). The conformal mapping of the upper half plane onto the interior of the geodesic triangle generalizes the Schwarz–Christoffel transformation. By the Schwarz reflection principle, the discrete group generated by hyperbolic reflections in the sides of the triangle induces an action on the two dimensional space of solutions. On the orientation-preserving normal subgroup, this two dimensional representation corresponds to the monodromy of the ordinary differential equation and induces a group of Möbius transformations on quotients of solutions. Since the triangle function is the inverse function of such a quotient, it is therefore an automorphic function for this discrete group of Möbius transformations. This is a special case of a general method of Henri Poincaré that associates automorphic forms with ordinary differential equations with regular singular points.
  • 985
  • 13 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Scaling of Rain Attenuation Models
The scaling of rain attenuation models has been developed in several parts of the world. Since the climatic parameters are different in different parts of the world, the scaling parameters are also limited for the best fit in a particular geographical area. However, scaling models are always needed for better applicability, whose performance can be “fine-tuned” by the local climatic parameters.
  • 468
  • 19 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Scale-Arbitrary Super-Resolution for Satellite Images
The advancements in image super-resolution technology have led to its widespread use in remote sensing applications. The existing scale-arbitrary super-resolution methods are primarily predicated on learning either a discrete representation (DR) or a continuous representation (CR) of the image, with DR retaining the sensitivity to resolution and CR guaranteeing the generalization of the model.
  • 155
  • 23 Nov 2023
  • Page
  • of
  • 371
Featured Entry Collections
>>

Featured Books

>>
Encyclopedia of Social Sciences
Encyclopedia of COVID-19
Encyclopedia of Fungi
Encyclopedia of Digital Society, Industry 5.0 and Smart City
Video Production Service
Feedback