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Topic Review
Computer-Aided Drug Discovery for SMA
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), one of the leading inherited causes of child mortality, is a rare neuromuscular disease arising from loss-of-function mutations of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, which encodes the SMN protein. When lacking the SMN protein in neurons, patients suffer from muscle weakness and atrophy, and in the severe cases, respiratory failure and death. Several therapeutic approaches show promise with human testing and three medications have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to date. Despite the shown promise of these approved therapies, there are some crucial limitations, one of the most important being the cost. The FDA-approved drugs are high-priced and are shortlisted among the most expensive treatments in the world. The price is still far beyond affordable and may serve as a burden for patients. The blooming of the biomedical data and advancement of computational approaches have opened new possibilities for SMA therapeutic development. 
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Biologically inspired metaheuristics
A metaheuristic is a high level, problem-independent framework that provides a series of steps and guidelines used to develop heuristic optimizers. Nowadays, the tendency is to use the term for both the general framework and for the algorithms built based on its rules. In the latest years, the literature has shown an increase in the number of proposals of new optimization metaheuristics and their improvements through step alterations, local search procedures or hybridizations.
  • 777
  • 09 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Cybersecurity in ICT Supply Chains
According to the US National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), cyber resilience is defined as “the ability to anticipate, withstand, recover from, and adapt to adverse conditions, stresses, attacks, or compromises on systems that include cyber resources”. The specific demands of supply chains built upon large and complex IoT systems, make it a must to design a coordinated framework for cyber resilience provisioning, intended to guarantee trusted supply chains of ICT systems, built upon distributed, dynamic, potentially insecure, and heterogeneous ICT infrastructures. Today, the resilience of ICT systems is premium, and every ICT system is expected to implement at least a set of basic mechanisms to prevent, resist, and recover from any type of disruption in a timely manner, thus minimizing the impact on service quality and user experience. Particularly in complex ICT supply chain scenarios, the ICT implementation of physical supply chains, serving multiple actors in finance, manufacturing, healthcare, and many other sectors, not only individual parts of the supply chain need to be secured and reliably provisioned, but also the end-to-end process of securing the ICT supply chain. The concept of cyber resilience is expected to become the norm, and one of the key measures of an ICT system’s ability to continue its operations in the event of a cyber attack (be it either software or hardware) or incident.
  • 711
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Firewall for Securing Smart Healthcare Environment
Firewalls today represent the first line of defense against major attacks, affecting both traditional and modern networks, and enforcing the protection of inside networks from external (and untrusted) networks. The application of an effective set of security practices and policies may indeed keep those systems safe and save entire businesses. Firewalls have a very important function of protecting, filtering, and controlling all traffic sent and received from the computer, Local Area Network (LAN), or Wide Local Area Network (WLAN) internal networks from unauthorized intrusions or external attacks.
  • 1.1K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review Video
Object 3d Reconstruction
The present paper summarized the existing methods of 3D reconstruction of objects by the Shape-From-Focus (SFF) method. This is a method for recovering depth from an image series of the same object taken with different focus settings, referred to as a multifocal image.
  • 557
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Data Quality Management in IoT
The concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) was first introduced by Ashton o describe the ability of sensors to connect to the Internet and provide new services. Ma also defined the IoT as a network that connects an ordinary physical object with an identifiable address to provide intelligent services. Nowadays, IoT is being used in more and more application areas and the importance of IoT data quality is widely recognized by practitioners and researchers. The requirements for data and its quality vary from application to application or organization in different contexts. Many methodologies and frameworks include techniques for defining, assessing, and improving data quality. However, due to the diversity of requirements, it can be a challenge to choose the appropriate technique for the IoT system. 
  • 1.5K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Cloud-Fog-Edge Computing for Smart Agriculture
Cloud Computing is a well-established paradigm for building service-centric systems. However, ultra-low latency, high bandwidth, security, and real-time analytics are limitations in Cloud Computing when analysing and providing results for a large amount of data. Fog and Edge Computing offer solutions to the limitations of Cloud Computing. The number of agricultural domain applications that use the combination of Cloud, Fog, and Edge is increasing in the last few decades.
  • 1.9K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Artificial Intelligence and Cyber-Physical Systems
Modern society is living in an age of paradigm changes. In part, these changes have been driven by new technologies, which provide high performance computing capabilities that enable the creation of complex Artificial Intelligence systems. Those developments are allowing the emergence of new Cyber Systems where the continuously generated data is utilized to build Artificial Intelligence models used to perform specialized tasks within the system. While, on one hand, the isolated application of the cyber systems is becoming widespread, on the other hand, their synchronical integration with other cyber systems to build a concise and cognitive structure that can interact deeply and autonomously with a physical system is still a completely open question, only addressed in some works from a philosophical point of view. From this standpoint, the AI can play an enabling role to allow the existence of these cognitive CPSs.
  • 2.0K
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Boundary Conditions, Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics Equations
In this entry, we present a systematical review on boundary conditions (BCs) for partial differential equations (PDEs) from nonequilibrium thermodynamics. From a stability point of view, such PDEs should satisfy the structural stability condition. In particular, they constitute hyperbolic systems, for which the generalized Kreiss condition (UKC) is a sufficient and essentially necessary condition for the well-posedness of the corresponding models (PDEs with BCs).
  • 525
  • 08 Oct 2021
Topic Review
Human-Centered Machine Learning
Human-centered Machine Learning (HCML) is about developing adaptable and usable Machine Learning systems for human needs while keeping the human/user at the center of the entire product/service development cycle.
  • 2.9K
  • 06 Oct 2021
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