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Topic Review
Blockchain Applications in Agriculture
Blockchain is a distributed, immutable ledger technology initially developed to secure cryptocurrency transactions. Following its revolutionary use in cryptocurrencies, blockchain solutions are now being proposed to address various problems in different domains, and it is currently one of the most “disruptive” technologies.
  • 914
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
WBAN Authentication Protocols for Intra-BAN Tier
Telecare medical information system (TMIS) is a technology used in a wireless body area network (WBAN), which has a crucial role in healthcare services. TMIS uses wearable devices with sensors to collect patients’ data and transmit the data to the controller node via a public channel.
  • 653
  • 26 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Robot Bionic Vision Technologies
The visual organ is important for animals to obtain information and understand the outside world; however, robots cannot do so without a visual system. At present, the vision technology of artificial intelligence has achieved automation and relatively simple intelligence; however, bionic vision equipment is not as dexterous and intelligent as the human eye. At present, robots can function as smartly as human beings; however, existing reviews of robot bionic vision are still limited. Robot bionic vision has been explored in view of humans and animals’ visual principles and motion characteristics. 
  • 2.0K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Multispectral Facial Recognition in the Wild
Face recognition systems in uncontrolled environments have shown impressive performance improvements. However, most are limited to the use of a single spectral band in the visible spectrum. The use of multi-spectral images makes it possible to collect information that is not obtainable in the visible spectrum when certain occlusions exist (e.g., fog or plastic materials) and in low- or no-light environments. The state of the art regarding face recognition systems in an uncontrolled environment has led to the conclusion that image synthesis methods, mainly with GANs, have been used to combat intrapersonal variations, such as the difference in pose and facial expression. On the other hand, in the area of multispectral face recognition, with a plurality of solutions presented by the use of multispectral images, fusion methods are those that make the most use of images captured in different spectral bands in order to make a decision. The main problem encountered is the limited number of images (and people) in multispectral databases in an uncontrolled environment, which makes it challenging to train convolutional neural networks, which are the most used method for feature extraction.
  • 325
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Digital Reconstruction of Fragmented Cultural Heritage Assets
The most peculiar characteristic of a cultural heritage is represented by its uniqueness. To ensure that an object is preserved against environmental deterioration, vandal attacks, and accidents, modern Cultural Heritage documentation involves 3D scanning technologies. In the case of fragmented artifacts, the digitization process represents an essential prerequisite for facilitating an accurate 3D reconstruction.
  • 1.2K
  • 25 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Monitoring of Humans in Bed
Indeed, humans typically spend a significant portion of their daily lives in bed. This time becomes even longer in cases where the human is unwell. This is particularly the case for sick or older people, who spend even more time in bed. Their physical activity or inactivity patterns provide useful signatures that reflect the “state” of the person under observation. In the frame of activity monitoring endeavors, behavioral situations that are abnormal (these situations are more/extremely rare within the observation time window) are the ones that are of the highest interest when compared to behavioral situations that are rather normal (these ones occupy most of the observation time window).
  • 853
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
On Predictive Maintenance in Industry 4.0
In the era of the fourth industrial revolution, several concepts have arisen in parallel with this new revolution, such as predictive maintenance, which today plays a key role in sustainable manufacturing and production systems by introducing a digital version of machine maintenance. The data extracted from production processes have increased exponentially due to the proliferation of sensing technologies. Even if Maintenance 4.0 faces organizational, financial, or even data source and machine repair challenges, it remains a strong point for the companies that use it. Indeed, it allows for minimizing machine downtime and associated costs, maximizing the life cycle of the machine, and improving the quality and cadence of production.
  • 1.4K
  • 24 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Approaches to Predict Pedestrian Dynamics
Identifying the factors that control the dynamics of pedestrians is a crucial step toward modeling and building various pedestrian-oriented simulation systems. Several approaches have been proposed by researchers to predict pedestrians’ movement characteristics using different methods and techniques. Based solely on experimental evidence, researchers isolate the factors that influence the interactions between pedestrians in single-file movement. With artificial neural networks, one can approximate the fitting function that describes pedestrians’ movement without having modeling bias. The analysis is focused on the distances and range of interactions across neighboring pedestrians.
  • 587
  • 23 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Sensor Network Environments
New technologies have driven the rise of what is being termed as the fourth industrial revolution. The introduction of this new revolution is amalgamating the cyber and physical worlds, bringing with it many benefits, such as the advent of industry 4.0, the internet of things, cloud technologies and smart homes and cities. These new and exciting areas are poised to have significant advantages for society; they can increase the efficiency of many systems and increase the quality of life of people. However, these emerging technologies can potentially have downsides, if used incorrectly or maliciously by bad entities. The rise of the widespread use of sensor networks to allow the mentioned systems to function has brought with it many security vulnerabilities that conventional “hard security” measures cannot mitigate. It is for this reason that a new “soft security” approach is being taken in conjunction with the conventional security means. Trust models offer an efficient way of mitigating the threats posed by malicious entities in networks that conventional security methods may not be able to combat. 
  • 358
  • 19 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Hyperledger
Internet of things (IoT) systems based on blockchain have significant shortcomings in terms of scalability, flexibility, robustness, and privacy. To address these issues, Hyperledger is considered as an ideal technology and attracted a lot of attention. In addition to having the general characteristics of blockchain, Hyperledger achieves new empowerment in four aspects: security, interoperability, consensus, and performance.
  • 431
  • 19 Aug 2022
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