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Topic Review
Ransomware Detection, Avoidance, and Mitigation Scheme
Ransomware attacks have emerged as a major cyber-security threat wherein user data is encrypted upon system infection. Latest Ransomware strands using advanced obfuscation techniques along with offline C2 Server capabilities are hitting Individual users and big corporations alike. This problem has caused business disruption and, of course, financial loss. 
  • 983
  • 13 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Simulators in Educational Robotics
Simulators are part of educational robotics, which easily and quickly enable the user to engage virtually with the development and programming of robots through GUIs. Using a simulator means that it is not necessary to deal exclusively with real robots that might have a significant cost. Hence, simulators are a useful tool that might save resources and assist the educational process.
  • 983
  • 18 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Vehicle Forensics
Traffic accident investigation has been used to reconstruct the cause and condition of the accident by using images and driving record data that introduce IT technology, and to analyze both sides of the accident, skid marks, and vehicle damage to identify the perpetrators and victims. However, level 3 self-driving vehicles are the most important factor in determining the cause and imputation of the accident by the driver or manufacturer with control information at the time of the accident. It is also developing into a network and connected vehicle with various restrictions such as the burden of the price of sensors equipped with self-driving cars and climate and rapidly changing road traffic information. In addition, network and connected vehicle driving data are stored on the outside, or various devices and sensors are installed to store information on the outside for convenience in operation, and efforts to enact laws are continuing.
  • 982
  • 13 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Efficient Structural Design with ANNs
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are showing their potential as structural design tools. ANNs are applied to design a dry precast concrete connection. They can be easily and effectively adapted to different connection parameters, being possible to use them in both precast or cast in situ concrete connection design.
  • 982
  • 27 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Food-Waste-Reduction Based on IoT and Big Data
IoT technology through ICT infrastructure and smart devices combines to gather huge amounts of data in real-time, which is commonly known as big data. The big data generated by IoT devices will be stored in the big data storage system and will be used for analysis. The importance of Food Wastage Reduction (FWR) is related to the loss of all the natural resources in the supply chain, including expenditures related to the use of land, water supply, and energy consumption. The application of IoT to FWR systems is also examined where use RFID sensors as a key tool to monitor food waste for each individual in accordance with the proposed model, while describe the application of IoT-based technologies to agricultural supply chain management in developing countries.
  • 982
  • 08 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Forensic Toxicology
Forensic toxicology is the use of toxicology and disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. The primary concern for forensic toxicology is not the legal outcome of the toxicological investigation or the technology utilized, but rather the obtainment and interpretation of results. A toxicological analysis can be done to various kinds of samples. A forensic toxicologist must consider the context of an investigation, in particular any physical symptoms recorded, and any evidence collected at a crime scene that may narrow the search, such as pill bottles, powders, trace residue, and any available chemicals. Provided with this information and samples with which to work, the forensic toxicologist must determine which toxic substances are present, in what concentrations, and the probable effect of those chemicals on the person. In the United States, forensic toxicology can be separated into 3 disciplines: Postmortem toxicology, human performance toxicology, and forensic drug testing (FDT). Postmortem toxicology includes the analysis of biological specimens taken from an autopsy to identify the effect of drugs, alcohol, and poisons. A wide range of biological specimens may be analyzed including blood, urine, gastric contents, oral fluids, hair, tissues, and more. The forensic toxicologist works with pathologists, medical examiners, and coroners to help determine the cause and manner of death. In human performance toxicology, a dose-response relationship between a drug(s) present in the body and the effects on the body are examined. This field of forensic toxicology is responsible for building and implementing laws such as driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Lastly, forensic drug testing (FDT) is the detection of drug use among individuals in the workplace, sport doping, drug-related probation, and new job applicant screenings. Determining the substance ingested is often complicated by the body's natural processes (see ADME), as it is rare for a chemical to remain in its original form once in the body. For example: heroin is almost immediately metabolised into another substance and further to morphine, making detailed investigation into factors such as injection marks and chemical purity necessary to confirm diagnosis. The substance may also have been diluted by its dispersal through the body; while a pill or other regulated dose of a drug may have grams or milligrams of the active constituent, an individual sample under investigation may only contain micrograms or nanograms.
  • 981
  • 09 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Olfactory Displays in Education and Training
Olfactory displays are defined as human–computer interfaces that generate and diffuse or transmit one or more odors to a user for a purpose. Computer-generated odors, in conjunction with other sensory information, have been proposed and used in education and training settings over the past four decades, supporting memorization of information, helping immerse learners into 3D educational environments, and complementing or supplementing human senses.
  • 980
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Hidden Surface Determination
In 3D computer graphics, shown surface determination (also known as hidden surface removal (HSR), occlusion culling (OC) or visible surface determination (VSD)) is the process used to determine which surfaces and parts of surfaces are not visible from a certain viewpoint. A hidden surface determination algorithm is a solution to the visibility problem, which was one of the first major problems in the field of 3D computer graphics. The process of hidden surface determination is sometimes called hiding, and such an algorithm is sometimes called a hider. The analogue for line rendering is hidden line removal. Hidden surface determination is necessary to render an image correctly, so that one may not view features hidden behind the model itself, allowing only the naturally viewable portion of the graphic to be visible.
  • 980
  • 26 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Sky Angel
Sky Angel was a U.S. operator of Christian television networks; it operated three channels, Angel One, Angel Two, and KTV, all of which were exclusive to Dish Network. The company's corporate headquarters were located in Naples, Florida. The company also operated a Chattanooga, Tennessee location where programming, engineering and network operations resided. The company previously operated as a Christian-oriented television provider carrying religious and family-oriented programming, first as a satellite television service, and later as an over-the-top internet television provider. The shift to an IPTV platform was later accompanied by the spin-off of the provider's secular offerings into a second service known as FAVE TV. On January 14, 2014, Sky Angel ceased its IPTV business, citing that because it did not fall under the traditional legal definition of a multichannel video programming distributor, it was unable to employ legal remedies for its allegations that broadcasters were discriminating against its business model by preventing carriage of their channels.
  • 980
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Disordered Proteins and Dynamic Interactions
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or regions (IDRs), compared to the well-structural proteins, do not have stable tertiary structures under physiological conditions, and even remain dynamic in specific complexes and functional assemblies. It is now recognized that they are highly prevalent and play important roles in biology and human diseases due to the presence of many representative conformational states and potential dynamic interactions, which requires computer simulations for describing disordered protein ensembles and dynamic interactions involved in biological functions, diseases, and therapeutics.
  • 979
  • 27 Oct 2021
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