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Topic Review
Earthquake Consideration in Architectural Design: Guidelines for Architects
The need for architects and engineers to take earthquake resilience into account in their designs is becoming increasingly critical as urbanization keeps growing and more people move into earthquake-prone areas. Architectural earthquake-resistant designs are necessary to protect building integrity and occupant safety during seismic disasters.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Electric Vehicle in Energy-V2G, V2H, V2V
Electric vehicles (EVs) are inducing revolutionary developments to the transportation and power sectors. Their innumerable benefits are forcing nations to adopt this sustainable mode of transport. Governments are framing and implementing various green energy policies. Nonetheless, there exist several critical challenges and concerns to be resolved in order to reap the complete benefits of E-mobility. The impacts of unplanned EV charging are a major concern. Accurate EV load forecasting followed by an efficient charge scheduling system could, to a large extent, solve this problem. This entry focuses on short-term EV demand forecasting using three learning frameworks, which were applied to real-time adaptive charging network (ACN) data, and performance was analyzed. Auto-regressive (AR) forecasting, support vector regression (SVR), and long short-term memory (LSTM) frameworks demonstrated good performance in EV charging demand forecasting. Among these, LSTM showed the best performance with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 4 kW and a root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 5.9 kW.
  • 272
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Enhanced Humidification–Dehumidification (HDH) Systems for Sustainable Water Desalination
Water scarcity is a pressing global issue driving the need for efficient and sustainable water reuse and desalination technologies. Humidification–dehumidification (HDH) has emerged as a promising method for small-scale and decentralized systems.
  • 275
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Intelligent Road Management System for Vehicles
Autonomous vehicles, non-autonomous vehicles, and VIP (emergency) autonomous cars are using intelligent road management techniques to interact with one another and enhance the effectiveness of the traffic system. All sorts of vehicles are managed and under control using the intersection management unit approach. 
  • 237
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Evacuation Simulation under Threat of Wildfire
Wildfires have become a common incident, and they have been threatening people’s lives and assets. In the communities close to wildlands or wildland–urban interfaces (WUI), these threats become increasingly serious, and in case of wildfires, people are advised or often have to evacuate the area to save their lives. In order to have a safe and effective evacuation, data on people’s behavior and decisions during wildfires, evacuation modeling, and traffic simulations are required. 
  • 263
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Machine Learning Algorithms
Machine learning (ML) has grown rapidly over the past few decades and has widely used applications not only limited to healthcare problems, such as predicting drug discoveries and diagnosing diseases, but also in other fields, such as mechanics, robotics, and image recognition. In simple words, ML is a rapidly developing field of computational algorithms that aims to replicate human intelligence by adapting to their surroundings and learning from them.
  • 567
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Ni-Based Catalysts for Biogas Dry Reforming
Biogas is mainly composed of methane (CH4) (45–75%) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (25–55%), produced by anaerobic digestion of organic compounds, and can be used to produce renewable hydrogen by dry reforming.
  • 238
  • 21 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Thermochemical Approaches to Produce Bio-Oils for Epoxy Resins
Bio-oils are produced from biomass using three main processing techniques, namely (i) organic solvent liquefaction, which involves the utilization of organic solvents at relatively low temperatures to liquefy biomass; (ii) fast pyrolysis, which involves the liquefaction of biomass at elevated temperatures in the absence of oxygen and a solvent; and (iii) hydrothermal liquefaction, which breaks down biomass in water at elevated pressures and temperatures. It is noteworthy that even though the products from the abovementioned three liquefaction processes are all called bio-oil, the properties of these bio-oils, such as hydroxyl number, chemical composition, and molecular weight, differ greatly. Therefore, the final physical properties of bio-oil-based epoxy resins depend on the processing conditions used for the corresponding bio-oils.
  • 362
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
Wearable Technology in Sports
Wearable technology is increasingly vital for improving sports performance through real-time data analysis and tracking. Both professional and amateur athletes rely on wearable sensors to enhance training efficiency and competition outcomes.
  • 696
  • 20 Sep 2023
Topic Review
100% Renewable Energy: Concepts and Progresses
Some advanced countries’ rapid population, economic growth, and energy consumption expansion contribute significantly to global CO2 emissions. And while developed countries have achieved 100% universal access to electricity, mainly from non-renewable sources, many developing countries still lack it. This presents challenges and opportunities for achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13 of generating all energy from cleaner or low-carbon sources to reduce CO2 emissions in all countries and combating climate change consequences. Renewable energies have been widely acknowledged to greatly advance this endeavour, resulting in many studies and about 30 countries already with over 70% of their national electricity mix from RE. It has birthed a new paradigm and an emerging field of 100% RE for all purposes, receiving much attention from academia and in public discourse. 
  • 676
  • 20 Sep 2023
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