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Topic Review
Genetic Algorithm for the Recovery System of USVs
Compared to other vessels, the unmanned surface vehicle (USV) has the advantage of being smaller and operating more agilely, requiring only sufficient space for the relevant sensors and auxiliary navigation devices to make sure the vehicle functions properly. Moreover, the USV can be applied in extreme conditions independently, such as strong waves, tides, and radiation leaks, by means of a predefined system or remote control by professionals.
  • 246
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Architectural 3D-Printed Structures Created Using Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and 3D printing (3DP) play considerable roles in what is known as the Fourth Industrial Revolution, by developing data- and machine-intelligence-based integrated production technologies. In architecture, this shift was induced by increasingly complex design requirements, posing important challenges for real-world design implementation, large-scale structure fabrication, and production quality standardization.
  • 321
  • 12 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Model of Functional Safety Protocol
Industry 4.0 has significantly improved the industrial manufacturing scenario in recent years. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) enables the creation of globally interconnected smart factories, where constituent elements seamlessly exchange information. Industry 5.0 has further complemented these achievements, as it focuses on a human-centric approach where humans become part of this network of things, leading to a robust human–machine interaction. In this distributed, dynamic, and highly interconnected environment, functional safety is essential for adequately protecting people and machinery. The increasing availability of wireless networks makes it possible to implement distributed and flexible functional safety systems.
  • 130
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Physical Factors Affecting Electronic-Nose Sensor Responses
Electronic noses (e-noses) are devices that mimic the olfactory system by combining nonspecific gas sensors’ responses to identify a specific odor or a smell-print. This technology is based on interactions between gas sensors and volatile chemical compounds, both organic (VOCs) and inorganic, such as NH3, H2S, or greenhouse gases, generally representing a class of compounds with high vapor pressure at room temperature responsible for odor perception. As these volatile compounds usually result from chemical reactions, their detection can be used to monitor processes in different fields of application, including the food industry, for monitoring food quality and production; healthcare, for monitoring changes in metabolic processes; or environmental studies, for monitoring industrial emissions and their impact on citizens’ daily life. 
  • 320
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cycling Education in Europe
Owing to the active promotion of environmentally friendly lifestyles in several European nations, the bicycle is progressively emerging as a predominant mode of transportation on the roadways. This phenomenon can be attributed to a plethora of factors. Numerous cities are gradually prioritizing the development of sustainable transportation systems, which includes restricting car access to central areas. Moreover, there is a growing ecological awareness among individuals who are averse to contributing to urban pollution with vehicle emissions. Additionally, the bicycle offers a means of travel that enables users to maintain and enhance their physical health and overall well-being.
  • 442
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Smart Farming and Internet of Things Platform
Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in South Asia, predominantly features smallholder farming communities operating on modest land holdings. These smallholders often adhere to traditional farming methods, relying on familial labor, which has become increasingly inefficient in contemporary agricultural landscapes. To enhance their productivity and efficiency, smallholder farmers require affordable and accessible Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems. 
  • 229
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Use of Waste Polymers in Asphalt Mixtures
Asphalt is widely employed in road construction due to its durability and ability to withstand heavy traffic. However, the disposal of waste polymers has emerged as a significant environmental concern. Recently, researchers have used polymer waste to modify asphalt pavements as a new approach. This approach aims to improve pavement performance and address the environmental concerns of polymer waste. Researchers have demonstrated that incorporating polymeric waste into asphalt mixtures can lead to performance improvements in asphalt pavements, particularly in mitigating common distresses including permanent deformation and thermal and fatigue cracking.
  • 304
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
The Offshore Wind Farms Investigations Using Machine Learning
The offshore wind energy sector continues to make substantial progress, driven by the urgent need for renewable energy, climate change mitigation strategies, and the ambitious zero-emission objectives set by governments and local communities. Key drivers of this progress include scaling up offshore wind turbine dimensions to boost energy output, improving the efficiency of existing systems, addressing environmental concerns associated with these installations, exploring deeper waters for turbine deployment in areas with optimal wind conditions, and pursuing the innovation of floating offshore turbines. These challenges are at the forefront of efforts to advance the development, installation, operation, and maintenance of offshore wind energy systems.
  • 363
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Cantilevers and Scanners in Atomic Force Microscopy
The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measures a sample’s surface topology in three dimensions and studies its physical properties at the nanometric scale. Typically, AFM consists of a few functional blocks: a positioning stage, a cantilever, a scanner, a controller, data processing, and visualization algorithms.
  • 264
  • 11 Oct 2023
Topic Review
To Achieve Goal Alignment by Inter-Organizational Incentives
Commonly recognized as an effective management technique, the use of incentives plays a vital role in the successful application of these approaches.
  • 235
  • 11 Oct 2023
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