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Topic Review
Geomatic Sensors for Heritage Documentation
Geomatic technologies have been widely populated for cultural heritage applications, while the scientific field is quite broad: from underwater to close-range to low-altitude and satellite observations. Geomatic sensors have been used in applications such as close-range approaches with red-green-blue (RGB) cameras and Terrestrial Laser Scanners (TLS), as well as underwater studies. Low-altitude sensors on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have also been widely used with RGB and multispectral cameras, as well as lidar and thermal sensors.
  • 391
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Features and Barriers of Hydrogen Combustion
After reviewing hydrogen and hydrogen blends combustion characteristics (laminar and turbulent flame speeds, adiabatic flame temperature, preferential diffusion), combustion applications in both thermo-electric power generation and hard-to-abate industry sectors are considered, highlighting the main issues due to hydrogen addition related to safety, pollutant emissions, and potentially negative effects on industrial products.
  • 420
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Materials in Power Electronics
Silicon (Si)-based semiconductor devices have long dominated the power electronics industry and are used in almost every application involving power conversion. However, for many applications, power device requirements such as higher blocking voltage capability, higher switching frequencies, lower switching losses, higher temperature withstand, higher power density in power converters, and enhanced efficiency and reliability have reached a stage where the present Si-based power devices cannot cope with the growing demand and would usually require large, costly cooling systems and output filters to meet the requirements of the application. Wide bandgap (WBG) power semiconductor materials such as silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), and diamond (Dia) have recently emerged in the commercial market, with superior material properties that promise substantial performance improvements and are expected to gradually replace the traditional Si-based devices in various power electronics applications. 
  • 419
  • 25 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels in Drug Delivery
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels, also known as smart hydrogels, exhibit responsiveness to diverse external stimuli. These gels can undergo reversible or irreversible changes in physical or chemical properties upon exposure to stimuli, enabling a highly controllable drug release pattern. This capability contributes to achieving precise drug administration and enhancing treatment effectiveness and safety.
  • 427
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Powder Bed Fusion Process
The ability to manufacture parts with complex geometry by sending a model from CAD directly to the manufacturing machine has attracted much attention in the industry, driving the development of additive manufacturing technology. However, studies have shown that components manufactured using additive manufacturing technology have several problems, namely high tensile residual stresses, cracks, and voids, which are known to have a major impact on material performance (in service).
  • 293
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Surrounding Physical Environment on Indoor Thermal Environment
Buildings are usually surrounded by neighboring buildings, green plants, road surface, water body, sky, etc., all of which have an impact on the microclimate of the buildings. In turn, the changes in microclimate indirectly affect the indoor temperature, humidity, thermal comfort, and energy consumption of the buildings.
  • 317
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Energy Development: History and Progress
Sustainable energy development (SED) is a crucial component of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), aiming to maintain economic and social progress while protecting the environment and mitigating climate change’s effects. SED serves as a transition paradigm for sustainable development, providing a blueprint for energy peace and prosperity for people and all uses.
  • 354
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
3D Printing of Pure Copper Functional Structures
The 3D printing of pure copper to sufficiently high densities has finally taken off, due to the emergence of commercial-grade printers which are now equipped with 1 kW high-power lasers or short-wavelength lasers.
  • 1.1K
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Humanitarian Logistics Network
Humanitarian Logistics Network (HLN) acts as a coordinating body for humanitarian partners interested in embarking goods or personnel.
  • 362
  • 24 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Construction Progress Monitoring
In the architecture, engineering and construction industry, site management during construction is a key phase. Scheduling activities and monitoring their progress allow any deviations from the schedule to be identified so that timely action can be taken. Until now, the monitoring phase has mainly been characterised by inspections in which the construction site manager manually collects data and produces a summary report. This proves to be a time-consuming process and is prone to errors.
  • 321
  • 24 Oct 2023
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