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Topic Review
Development of Plant Protection Methods
Over thousands of years, the history of human survival and development has been accompanied by the struggle against plant pests, among which plant target recognition, plant protection methods and plant protection machinery constitute the three elements of plant protection. Plant protection practices have been enriched around the world.  Six types of plant protection methods have been developed, including the agricultural method, the physical method, the biological method, the chemical method, plant quarantine and integrated pest management (IPM).
  • 577
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
An Outline of the Selective Laser Sintering Process
For different manufacturing processes, porosity occurs in parts made using selective laser sintering (SLS) technology, representing one of the weakest points of materials produced with these processes. 
  • 199
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Urban Archetypes
To make cities more sustainable and livable and to achieve climate targets in transportation, cities around the globe must undergo sustainable transformations. However, disparities in initial conditions pose challenges when trying to implement these sustainable changes. Identifying these differences aids in the comprehension of future developments. Urban archetypes represent a typification of cities in order to investigate mobility-related homogeneity between cities.
  • 527
  • 27 Nov 2023
Biography
Jae Kwang Park
Dr. Park is a distinguished professor in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Renowned for his groundbreaking contributions to wastewater treatment technology and environmental sustainability, Dr. Park's work has had a profound impact on both the sciences and the humanities. Dr. Park's most notable contribution is the development of a re
  • 518
  • 27 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Self-Consumption of Photovoltaic Solar-Energy in Higher Education Institutions
The use of photovoltaic (PV) solar energy for self-consumption has shown clear benefits in promoting a sustainable campus of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), especially in terms of the site’s carbon footprint reduction, energy costs reduction, or the possibility of reselling the electric energy generated to the national electricity grid when local regulation allows a situation of that kind. Solar panels are connected directly to the grid via inverters; therefore, the energy produced can be transmitted to the site for self-consumption, and, if possible, the excess can be sold to the national electric network and returned to the grid.
  • 171
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twins in Tool and Component Wear Monitoring
Machine tools are widely used in modern manufacturing industries to produce high-quality products with increased productivity and efficiency. However, every machine tool is unique due to its individual characteristics (dynamics and tolerances). This individuality results from a complex interplay of different machine components, which may cause variations in the machine tool’s performance over time. The increasing trend towards individualism of products leads to smaller batch sizes, which requires production processes that can adapt quickly and efficiently to changes in product requirements. Digital Twins play a pivotal role in optimising processes and deriving actionable insights that extend beyond on-site calculations. These dynamic representations of systems demand real-time data on the actual state of machinery, rather than static images depicting idealized configurations.
  • 197
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Longwall Mining Automation
The shearer positioning method is of great significance to the automation of longwall mining. The research teams in the Longwall Automation Steering Committee (LASC) of Australia and China University of Mining and Technology (CUMT) have focused on shearer positioning and identified the shearer inertial navigation system, the measurement of longwall retreat and creep displacement, and the backward calibration of the shearer trajectory as three key technologies to obtain accurate shearer positioning information.
  • 351
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Nanoparticle Application in Biofuel Production
Biofuel, an inexhaustible fuel source, plays a pivotal role in the contemporary era by diminishing the dependence on non-renewable energy sources and facilitating the mitigation of CO2 emissions. Due to the many constraints in existing technology and the resulting increased costs, the production of biofuels on a large scale is a laborious process. The production of biofuels can be enhanced with intervention of nanotechnology, owing to the unique characteristics of these nanoparticles. These nanoparticles interact with the microorganisms and enzymes leading to the enhancement in biofuel production.
  • 512
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Approaches of Offshore Inspection
Operators of offshore production units (OPUs) employ risk-based assessment (RBA) techniques in order to minimise inspection expenses while maintaining risks at an acceptable level. However, when human divers and workers are involved in inspections conducted at high heights, the operational risks can be significant. There has been a growing trend towards the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs), remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for inspections of offshore structures as a means to reduce exposure to human risk.
  • 268
  • 24 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Additively Manufactured Polymeric Metamaterials
Metamaterials are architected cellular materials, also known as lattice materials, that are inspired by nature or human engineering intuition and provide multifunctional attributes that cannot be achieved by conventional polymeric materials and composites. There has been an increasing interest in the design, fabrication, and testing of polymeric metamaterials due to the recent advances in digital design methods, additive manufacturing techniques, and machine learning algorithms. 
  • 470
  • 24 Nov 2023
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