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Topic Review
Artificial Pancreas
The artificial pancreas is a technology in development to help people with diabetes, primarily type 1, automatically and continuously control their blood glucose level by providing the substitute endocrine functionality of a healthy pancreas. The endocrine functionality of the pancreas is provided by islet cells which produce the hormones insulin and glucagon. Artificial pancreatic technology mimics the secretion of these hormones into the bloodstream in response to the body's changing blood glucose levels. Maintaining balanced blood sugar levels is crucial to the function of the brain, liver, and kidneys. Therefore, for type 1 patients, it is necessary that the levels be kept balanced when the body cannot produce insulin itself. The artificial pancreas is a broad term for different bio-engineering strategies currently in development to achieve these requirements. Different bio-engineering approaches under consideration include:
  • 578
  • 29 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interface in Anode Materials
Due to the ever-growing importance of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, the development of electrode materials and their processing techniques remains a hot topic in academia and industry. Even the well-developed and widely utilized active materials present issues, such as surface reactivity, irreversible capacity in the first cycle, and ageing. Thus, there have been many efforts to modify and coat the surface of active materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrodes and cells. This type of coating stands out because of the possibility of acting as an artificial solid electrolyte interphase (A-SEI), serving as an anode protective layer. 
  • 594
  • 02 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Artificial Uterus
An artificial uterus (or artificial womb) is a hypothetical device that would allow for external pregnancy by growing a fetus outside the body of an organism that would normally carry the fetus to term. An artificial uterus, as a replacement organ, would have many applications. It could be used to assist male or female couples in the development of a fetus. This can potentially be performed as a switch from a natural uterus to an artificial uterus, thereby moving the threshold of fetal viability to a much earlier stage of pregnancy. In this sense, it can be regarded as a neonatal incubator with very extended functions. It could also be used the for initiation of fetal development. An artificial uterus could also help make fetal surgery procedures at an early stage an option instead of having to postpone them until term of pregnancy. In 2016 scientists published two studies regarding human embryos developing for thirteen days within an ecto-uterine environment. Currently, a 14-day rule prevents human embryos from being kept in artificial wombs longer than 14 days. This rule has been codified into law in twelve countries. In 2017 fetal researchers at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia published a study showing they had grown premature lamb fetuses for four weeks in an extra-uterine life support system.
  • 1.1K
  • 27 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining
The aim of this work is to explain the concepts of sustainability with respect to small artisanal gold mining. For this, a qualitative approach with a descriptive scope was used, for which the bibliographic review technique was conducted. In this sense, articles, theses, books and institutional documents, and any contribution related to the research topic were taken into consideration. Likewise, this documentation contributed to the delimiting aspects that allowed a contrast between the proposed definitions and small artisanal mining in the Northeast Antioquia region in Colombia. Based on the reviewed sources, different needs were recognized in artisanal small-scale gold mining in Northeast Antioquia that still need action. In conclusion, through the exposition of sustainability theories, three common factors were identified within the various positions that were raised—the environmental, economic, and sociocultural dimensions. 
  • 606
  • 27 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Ashwa Racing
Ashwa Racing is a Formula Student team participating out of R.V. College of Engineering, Bangalore, India. Founded in 2003, Ashwa Racing has established itself as student initiative in the arena of Motorsport Engineering education, producing student prototypes year after year, participating in various FSAE events. Currently, the organization produces prototypes in three categories: combustion, hybrid, and electric. The team consists of over a hundred and twenty interdisciplinary undergraduate students who aim to conceive, design, fabricate, develop and compete with other Formula-style race car at various international events.
  • 401
  • 22 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Asphalt Pavement Temperature Prediction Models
The performance of bituminous materials is mainly affected by the prevailing maximum and minimum temperatures, and their mechanical properties can vary significantly with the magnitude of the temperature changes. The given effect can be observed from changes occurring in the bitumen or asphalt mixture stiffness and the materials’ serviceable life. Furthermore, when asphalt pavement layer are used, the temperature changes can be credited to climatic factors such as air temperature, solar radiation and wind. 
  • 1.4K
  • 07 May 2021
Topic Review
Asphaltene
Asphaltenes is the heaviest and most polar fraction of petroleum not yet wery well characterized and only presently define by they solubility.
  • 1.5K
  • 29 Aug 2021
Topic Review
Assembly Sequence Planning for Wind Turbines
There are various forms of assembly data sources for wind turbines, which contributes to the lack of a unified and standardized expression. Moreover, the reusability of historical assembly data is low, which leads to the poor reasoning ability of a new product assembly sequence.
  • 187
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Assess Hypernasality
Automatic evaluation of hypernasality has been traditionally computed using monophonic signals (i.e., combining nose and mouth signals).
  • 228
  • 01 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Assessing Pavement Condition System in Epidemic
Maintaining the efficiency of road pavement is essential to achieving the highest road performance and comfort for road users. Pavement monitoring plays a significant role in maintaining the sustainability of road networks. Additionally, assessments have been performed using different equipment and devices or through visual inspections to determine the type and severity of pavement degradation.
  • 201
  • 02 Jun 2023
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