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Topic Review
Urban Open Space
In land-use planning, urban open space is open-space areas reserved for parks, "green spaces", and other open areas. The landscape of urban open spaces can range from playing fields to highly maintained environments to relatively natural landscapes. Generally considered open to the public, urban open spaces are sometimes privately owned, such as higher education campuses, neighborhood/community parks/gardens, and institutional or corporate grounds. Areas outside city boundaries, such as state and national parks as well as open space in the countryside, are not considered urban open space. Streets, piazzas, plazas and urban squares are not always defined as urban open space in land use planning.
  • 3.7K
  • 14 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Urban Heritage Facility Management
Urban Heritage Facility Management (UHFM) is an urban-scale function that integrates the management of all the supporting services to the people, place, processes, and technology necessary for the preservation of the significance, value, and authenticity of the urban heritage area leads to the creation of a strong, mutually supportive and non-exploitative community.
  • 1.1K
  • 30 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Urban Heat Island Mitigation Strategies
       An experimental and numerical investigation of the climatic conditions in a university area in Rome was achieved, along with evaluating the occurrence of the UHI phenomenon. A preliminary analysis of the UHI phenomenon was carried out and an average urban heat island index equal to 1.14 °C was identified, with a peak value equal to 5.9 °C. This preliminary assessment led to a more detailed investigation using a simulation code. A calibrated model was generated through the software ENVI-met and different mitigation strategies were tested, in order to reduce the overheating of the area. So, eight different scenarios were compared with the actual state, testing the effects of trees, cool pavements and lawn, as well as considering combinations among them.        The analysis of this case study and the performed simulations led to the conclusion that careful choices must be made during the design phase of an area, even when it comes to universities. More in general, objectives and priorities in the design phase should concern not only buildings but also external areas, but this conceptual paradigm needs to be also applied for university areas. Therefore, during the requalification of urban areas involving both buildings and outdoor areas, different skills must be combined and applied.
  • 997
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Urban Greenery as a Complex System
A complex system is an open system in a state of dynamic equilibrium. It can also be described as a network connecting the various elements that constitute the system itself. The Urban Green System (UGS) is one such complex system. In this regard, its first characteristic is that it can be described as a network of green elements (areas, linear infrastructures, points) with variable rules governing the connections linked to their main functions in the urban context. Furthermore, it is an open system that exhibits dynamic relationships with all of the other components of the city.
  • 400
  • 10 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Urban Green Infrastructure for Thermal Comfort
The elements of urban green infrastructure (UGI), such as green roofs, green walls, and green facades, represent a natural base solution to break the vicious cycle by providing thermal comfort to urban residents without placing an additional burden in terms of urbanization and global warming. Integrating UGI into urban design can improve the urban microclimate, achieve energy-demand savings, and create temperate outdoor spaces. Studies show that UGI is effective for controlling UHI and improving air quality; it leads to positive health effects by reducing asthma, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, obesity, and circulatory disease. The indirect positive health impacts associated with socio-economic factors include child cognitive development, elderly longevity, and strengthened immunity. The incorporation of UGI in urban design can help cities to tackle the challenges of limited access to resources and a lack of green space due to urban development, but the success of UGI implantation requires input from the city authorities, businesses, and other institutions, working together to investigate different options to adapt a variety of urban spaces.
  • 430
  • 06 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Urban Freight Transport Electrification in Palestine
Recently, due to the industrial and e-commerce revolution, the freight transport sector has grown rapidly and has become one of the key factors for economic development. Coupled with the growth of this sector, significant energy and environmental problems have arisen. Therefore, a huge effort has been made around the world in order to develop some solutions that could mitigate these problems. One of these promising solutions is electrifying the urban freight transport sector including the trucks and freight commercial vehicles fleets. In Palestine, electric freight commercial vehicles have penetrated the market.
  • 385
  • 20 Jun 2022
Topic Review
Urban Flood Runoff Modeling in Japan
Since the 20th century, Japan has experienced a period of very rapid urbanization. Cities have experienced substantial densification and expansion, resulting in gradually elevated flood risk. Urban flooding has also occurred in most large cities in Japan, particularly in Tokyo. In response to this growing problem, much effort and resources have been spent on research and development aimed at understanding, simulating, and managing urban flood risk in Japan.
  • 201
  • 01 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Urban Electromobility
The growing need for electric energy is forcing the construction industry to greater integrate energy production systems based on renewable energy sources. The energy ought to be used not only to support functions of the building but also to charge electric vehicles, whose number has been increasing for the last few years.
  • 513
  • 19 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Urban Building Height Estimation Using Multiple Source Images
The use of remote sensing imagery has significantly enhanced the efficiency of building extraction; however, the precise estimation of building height remains a formidable challenge. In light of ongoing advancements in computer vision, numerous techniques leveraging convolutional neural networks and Transformers have been applied to remote sensing imagery, yielding promising outcomes.
  • 142
  • 18 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Urban Building Energy Modeling Using a Place-Based Approach
Urban building energy models present a valuable tool for promoting energy efficiency in building design and control, as well as for managing urban energy systems. However, the current models often overlook the importance of site-specific characteristics, as well as the spatial attributes and variations within a specific area of a city. This approach allows for a more in-depth understanding of the interactions behind spatial patterns and an increase in the number and quality of energy-related variables.
  • 298
  • 15 May 2023
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