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Topic Review
Short Code
Short codes, or short numbers, are short digit sequences, significantly shorter than telephone numbers, that are used to address messages in the Multimedia Messaging System (MMS) and short message service (SMS) systems of mobile network operators. In addition to messaging, they may be used in abbreviated dialing. Short codes are designed to be easier to read and remember than telephone numbers. Short codes are unique to each operator at the technological level. Even so, providers generally have agreements to avoid overlaps. In some countries, such as the United States, some classes of numbers are inter-operator (used by multiple providers or carriers, U.S. inter-operator numbers are called common short codes). Short codes are widely used for value-added services such as charity donations, mobile services, ordering ringtones, and television program voting. Messages sent to a short code can be billed at a higher rate than a standard SMS and may even subscribe a customer to a recurring monthly service that will be added to the customer's mobile phone bill until the user texts, for example, the word "STOP" to terminate the service.
  • 1.1K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of ARM Microarchitectures
This is a list of microarchitectures based on the ARM family of instruction sets designed by ARM Holdings and 3rd parties, sorted by version of the ARM instruction set, release and name. In 2005, ARM provided a summary of the numerous vendors who implement ARM cores in their design. Keil also provides a somewhat newer summary of vendors of ARM based processors. ARM further provides a chart displaying an overview of the ARM processor lineup with performance and functionality versus capabilities for the more recent ARM core families.
  • 1.7K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
GPS Block IIIA
GPS Block IIIA consists of the first ten (known as "tranche") of GPS III satellites, which will be used to keep the Navstar Global Positioning System operational. Lockheed Martin designed, developed and manufactured the GPS III Non-Flight Satellite Testbed (GNST) and all ten Block IIIA satellites. The first satellite in the series was projected to launch in 2014, but significant delays have pushed the scheduled launch to December 2018. The tenth and final GPS Block IIIA launch is projected in Q2 2023.
  • 732
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Digital Versus Film Photography
The merits of digital versus film photography were considered by photographers and filmmakers in the early 21st century after consumer digital cameras became widely available. Digital photography and digital cinematography have both advantages and disadvantages relative to still film and motion picture film photography. In the 21st century, photography came to be predominantly digital, but traditional photochemical methods continue to serve many users and applications.
  • 464
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
HVAC
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers). HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, on ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors. Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.
  • 1.6K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Programmable System-on-Chip
PSoC (programmable system-on-chip) is a family of microcontroller integrated circuits by Cypress Semiconductor. These chips include a CPU core and mixed-signal arrays of configurable integrated analog and digital peripherals.
  • 485
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Parliamentary Train
A Parliamentary train is a passenger service operated in the United Kingdom to comply with the Railway Regulation Act 1844 that required train companies to provide inexpensive and basic rail transport for less affluent passengers. The act required that at least one such service per day be run on every railway route in the UK. Now no longer a legal requirement (although most franchise agreements require such trains), the term describes train services that continue to be run to avoid the cost of formal closure of a route or station but with reduced services often to just one train per week and without specially low prices. Such services are often called "ghost trains".
  • 1.5K
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanocomposites in Advanced Biomedical Applications
Nanomaterials have demonstrated a wide range of applications and recently, novel biomedical studies are devoted to improving the functionality and effectivity of traditional and unmodified systems, either drug carriers and common scaffolds for tissue engineering or advanced hydrogels for wound healing purposes.  Due to the high thermal stability and mechanical strength of Fe2O3, they have been combined with several polymers and employed for various nano-treatments for specific human diseases.
  • 473
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Echelle Grating Spectroscopic Technology Application
Echelle grating provides high spectral resolving power and diffraction efficiency in a broadband wavelength range by the Littrow mode. The spectrometer with the cross-dispersed echelle scheme has seen remarkable growth in recent decades. Rather than the conventional approach with common blazed grating, the cross-dispersed echelle scheme achieves the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the spectrum by one exposure without scanning in the broadband spectral range. It is the fastest and most sensitive spectroscopic technology as of now, and it has been extensively applied in commercial and astronomical spectrometers.
  • 604
  • 10 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Microsoft HoloLens 2 in Medical and Healthcare Context
Microsoft® HoloLens was developed and manufactured by Microsoft (MS) and can be presented as a pair of mixed reality smart glasses able to describe an environment in which real and virtual elements appear to coexist. More specifically, the Microsoft® HoloLens is a novel MR-based HMD that makes the user the protagonist of an immersive experience and allows him to interact with the surrounding environment using holograms whilst engaging their senses throughout. It is used in a variety of applications such as medical and surgical aids and systems, medical education and simulation, architecture and several engineering fields (civil, industrial and so on). The use of HoloLens 2 in a medical and healthcare context was analyzed by dividing contributions into the following sub-field applications: surgical navigation, AR-BCI (Brain-Computer Interface) systems integration and human computer interaction (HCI), gait analysis and rehabilitation, medical education and training/virtual teaching/tele-mentoring/tele-consulting and other applications.
  • 1.3K
  • 10 Nov 2022
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