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HandWiki. HVAC. Encyclopedia. Available online: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33822 (accessed on 27 September 2026).
HandWiki. HVAC. Encyclopedia. Available at: https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33822. Accessed September 27, 2026.
HandWiki. "HVAC" Encyclopedia, https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33822 (accessed September 27, 2026).
HandWiki. (2022, November 10). HVAC. In Encyclopedia. https://encyclopedia.pub/entry/33822
HandWiki. "HVAC." Encyclopedia. Web. 10 November, 2022.
HVAC
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The content is sourced from: https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biology:HVAC

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. "Refrigeration" is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation, as HVAC&R or HVACR or "ventilation" is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers). HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, on ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors. Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of exchanging or replacing air in any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen replenishment, and removal of moisture, odors, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, carbon dioxide, and other gases. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air. Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality in buildings. Methods for ventilating a building may be divided into mechanical/forced and natural types.

indoor air quality thermal comfort healthy building

References

  1. Designer's Guide to Ceiling-Based Air Diffusion, Rock and Zhu, ASHRAE, Inc., New York, 2002
  2. Rezaie B., Rosen M.A. (2012). District heating and cooling: Review of technology and potential enhancements. Applied Energy (1) Green Energy; (2)Special Section from papers presented at the 2nd International Enery 2030 Conf. 93:0:pp.2-10. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626191100242X
  3. Werner S. (2006). ECOHEATCOOL (WP4) Possibilities with more district heating in Europe. Euroheat & Power, Brussels. http://www.euroheat.org/files/filer/ecoheatcool/project_4.htm
  4. Dalin P., Rubenhag A. (2006). ECOHEATCOOL (WP5) Possibilities with more district cooling in Europe, final report from the project. Final Rep. Brussels: Euroheat & Power. http://www.euroheat.org/files/filer/ecoheatcool/project_5.htm
  5. Nielsen, Jan Erik (2014). Solar District Heating Experiences from Denmark. Energy Systems in the Alps - storage and distribution … Energy Platform Workshop 3, Zurich - 13/2 2014 http://www.alpconv.org/en/organization/groups/past/WGEnergy/Documents/WS3/3.Nielsen_PlanEnergi_Solar_District_Heating_in_DK.pdf
  6. Wong B., Thornton J. (2013). Integrating Solar & Heat Pumps. Renewable Heat Workshop. http://www.geo-exchange.ca/en/UserAttachments/flex1304_5-%20SAIC-%20Bill%20Wong%202013%20-%20Integrating%20Solar%20and%20Heat%20Pumps.pdf
  7. Pauschinger T. (2012). Solar District Heating with Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage in Germany . European Sustainable Energy Week, Brussels. 18–22 June 2012. http://www.solar-district-heating.eu/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=4VeN0WSc5Pk%3d&portalid=0
  8. Paksoy H., Snijders A., Stiles L. (2009). Aquifer Thermal Energy Cold Storage System at Richard Stockton College. Effstock Conference -- Thermal Energy Storage for Efficiency and Sustainability (11th International. http://undergroundenergy.homestead.com/Aquifer_Thermal_Energy_Cold_Storage_System_at_Richard_Stockton_College.pdf
  9. Swenson, S. Don (1995). HVAC: heating, ventilating, and air conditioning. Homewood, Illinois: American Technical Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8269-0675-5. 
  10. "History of Heating, Air Conditioning & Refrigeration". https://www.coynecollege.edu/programs/hvac. 
  11. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Iain_Staffell/publication/255759857_A_review_of_domestic_heat_pumps/links/0c96052a39c98d9227000000.pdf 9291
  12. Bearg, David W. (1993). Indoor Air Quality and HVAC Systems. New York: Lewis Publishers. pp. 107–112. 
  13. Dianat, Nazari, I,I. "Characteristic of unintentional carbon monoxide poisoning in Northwest Iran- Tabriz". International Journal of Injury Control and Promotion. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/. Retrieved 2011-11-15. 
  14. Ventilation and Infiltration chapter, Fundamentals volume of the ASHRAE Handbook, ASHRAE, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, 2005
  15. "Air Change Rates for typical Rooms and Buildings". The Engineering ToolBox. http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-change-rate-room-d_867.html. Retrieved 2012-12-12. 
  16. Bell, Geoffrey. "Room Air Change Rate". A Design Guide for Energy-Efficient Research Laboratories. http://ateam.lbl.gov/Design-Guide/DGHtm/roomairchangerates.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-15. 
  17. Escombe, A. R. et al. (2007). "Natural ventilation for the prevention of airborne contagion". PLoS Med 4 (68). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040068.  https://dx.doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pmed.0040068
  18. "Sustainable Facilities Tool: HVAC System Overview". https://sftool.gov/explore/green-building/section/9/hvac/system-overview. Retrieved 2 July 2014. 
  19. Al-Kodmany, Kheir (2013). The Future of the City: Tall Buildings and Urban Design. WIT Press. pp. 242. ISBN 978-1-84564-410-9. 
  20. "geothermal heat pumps and power saving". https://www.ny-engineers.com/blog/types-of-electric-heat-pumps-and-their-advantages. Retrieved 30 Dec 2017. 
  21. "Heating and Air Conditioning" (in en-US). https://www.nuclear-power.net/nuclear-engineering/thermodynamics/thermodynamic-cycles/heating-and-air-conditioning/#Vapor-compression_Cycle_8211_Vapor-compression_Refrigeration. 
  22. "What Does SEER Stand For?". http://allclimate.net/2014/11/26/seer-stand/. Retrieved 2015-09-07. 
  23. Keeping cool and green, The Economist 17 July 2010, p. 83
  24. Howard, J (2003), Guidance for Filtration and Air-Cleaning Systems to Protect Building Environments from Airborne Chemical, Biological, or Radiological Attacks, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2003-136, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-136/ 
  25. ISO. "Building environment standards". www.iso.org. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_tc_browse.htm?commid=54740. Retrieved 2011-05-14. 
  26. ISO. "Building environment design—Indoor environment—General principles". http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=41300. Retrieved 14 May 2011. 
  27. "HVAC Training". HVACTraining.net. http://www.hvactraining.net/training/. Retrieved 2013-07-10. 
  28. "Certification basics/101". NATE. http://www.natex.org/technicians/certification-basics101/. Retrieved 2013-07-10. 
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