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Topic Review
Transition Process of Low-Head Pumping Station
The transition process of the low-lift pump mainly refers to the start–stop process. Due to the opening and closing of the gate, the sudden change in the flow velocity in the pipeline causes the water hammer phenomenon. This hydraulic process is called the transition process. Experience shows that hydraulic machinery accidents mainly occur in the transition process. Therefore, the study of the start–stop transition process of the pump has an important guiding significance for the safe operation of the pumping station.
  • 589
  • 25 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of ASTM International Standards (F)
This is a list of ASTM International standards for "Materials for Specific Applications".
  • 4.2K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of Devices Using Mediatek SoCs
This page lists every major device using a MediaTek system-on-a-chip (SoC), organized by which chip the devices uses.
  • 3.6K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
TexSys
TexSys is a web-based application serving as a Texas Expert System for the selection of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA). TexSys is the product of a Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) study, TxDOT Project 0-4824: Guidelines for Selecting Asphalt Mixtures. It considers a number of factors (traffic volume and speed, desired performance characteristics, etc.) influencing the selection of HMA and recommends an asphalt mixture based on these. As such it is a tool for inexperienced or young engineers to assist them in selecting the right asphalt mixture for the job.
  • 298
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
ShKAS Machine Gun
The ShKAS (Shpitalny-Komaritski Aviatsionny Skorostrelny, Shpitalny-Komaritski rapid fire for aircraft; Russian: ШКАС - Шпитального-Комарицкого Авиационный Скорострельный) is a 7.62 mm calibre machine gun widely used by Soviet aircraft in the 1930s and during World War II. The ShKAS had the highest rate of fire of any aircraft machine gun in general service during WWII. It was designed by Boris Shpitalniy and Irinarkh Komaritsky and entered production in 1934. ShKAS was used in the majority of Soviet fighters and bombers and served as the basis for the ShVAK cannon.
  • 988
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio or video content to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass communications medium, but typically one using the electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves), in a one-to-many model. Broadcasting began with AM radio, which came into popular use around 1920 with the spread of vacuum tube radio transmitters and receivers. Before this, all forms of electronic communication (early radio, telephone, and telegraph) were one-to-one, with the message intended for a single recipient. The term broadcasting evolved from its use as the agricultural method of sowing seeds in a field by casting them broadly about. It was later adopted for describing the widespread distribution of information by printed materials or by telegraph. Examples applying it to "one-to-many" radio transmissions of an individual station to multiple listeners appeared as early as 1898. Over the air broadcasting is usually associated with radio and television, though more recently, both radio and television transmissions have begun to be distributed by cable (cable television). The receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively small subset; the point is that anyone with the appropriate receiving technology and equipment (e.g., a radio or television set) can receive the signal. The field of broadcasting includes both government-managed services such as public radio, community radio and public television, and private commercial radio and commercial television. The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, title 47, part 97 defines "broadcasting" as "transmissions intended for reception by the general public, either direct or relayed". Private or two-way telecommunications transmissions do not qualify under this definition. For example, amateur ("ham") and citizens band (CB) radio operators are not allowed to broadcast. As defined, "transmitting" and "broadcasting" are not the same. Transmission of radio and television programs from a radio or television station to home receivers by radio waves is referred to as "over the air" (OTA) or terrestrial broadcasting and in most countries requires a broadcasting license. Transmissions using a wire or cable, like cable television (which also retransmits OTA stations with their consent), are also considered broadcasts but do not necessarily require a license (though in some countries, a license is required). In the 2000s, transmissions of television and radio programs via streaming digital technology have increasingly been referred to as broadcasting as well.
  • 4.3K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
USS Aramis (SP-418)
USS Aramis (SP-418/PY-7) was a yacht acquired by the United States Navy during World War I which served as a patrol boat off New York City, was then fitted with an experimental "underwater detection system" and depth charges as an anti-submarine vessel, and was briefly the flagship of a battleship squadron. She ended her career as a tender and houseboat to a survey vessel off the coast of Cuba, until disposed of in 1933.
  • 286
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Czochralski Process
The Czochralski process is a method of crystal growth used to obtain single crystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium arsenide), metals (e.g. palladium, platinum, silver, gold), salts and synthetic gemstones. The process is named after Polish scientist Jan Czochralski, who invented the method in 1915 while investigating the crystallization rates of metals. He made this discovery by accident: instead of dipping his pen into his inkwell, he dipped it in molten tin, and drew a tin filament, which later proved to be a single crystal. The most important application may be the growth of large cylindrical ingots, or boules, of single crystal silicon used in the electronics industry to make semiconductor devices like integrated circuits. Other semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide, can also be grown by this method, although lower defect densities in this case can be obtained using variants of the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique.
  • 3.8K
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
List of Proton Launches (1990–99)
This is a list of launches made by the Proton rocket between 1990 and 1999. All launches were conducted from the Baikonur Cosmodrome.
  • 275
  • 24 Nov 2022
Topic Review
The NIST World Trade Center Disaster Investigation
The National Construction Safety Team Act (NCST Act), signed into law on October 1, 2002 by President George W. Bush, mandated the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to establish the likely technical cause or causes of the three building failures that occurred on September 11, 2001 at the World Trade Center as a result of a terrorist attack. NIST issued its final report on the collapse of the World Trade Center Twin Towers in September 2005. It issued its final report on 7 World Trade Center in November 2008. NIST concluded that the collapse of each tower resulted from the combined effects of airplane impact damage, widespread fireproofing dislodgment, and the fires that ensued. The sequence of failures that NIST concluded initiated the collapse of both towers involved the heat-induced sagging of floor trusses pulling some of the exterior columns on one side of each tower inward until they buckled, after which instability rapidly spread and the upper sections then fell onto the floors below. World Trade Center Building 7 (7WTC), which was never directly hit by an airplane, collapsed as a result of thermal expansion of steel beams and girders that were heated by uncontrolled fires caused by the collapse of the North Tower and failure of the fire-resistive material.
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