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Topic Review
Fluorescence Polarization-Based Bioassays
Fluorescence polarization holds considerable promise for bioanalytical systems because it allows the detection of selective interactions in real time and a choice of fluorophores, the detection of which the biosample matrix does not influence; thus, their choice simplifies and accelerates the preparation of samples. For decades, these possibilities were successfully applied in fluorescence polarization immunoassays based on differences in the polarization of fluorophore emissions excited by plane-polarized light, whether in a free state or as part of an immune complex. However, the results of recent studies demonstrate the efficacy of fluorescence polarization as a detected signal in many bioanalytical methods.
  • 1.5K
  • 17 Dec 2020
Topic Review
Flux Classification
Flux is a granular material that primarily consists of oxides and CaF2. The manufacturing method plays an important role in shaping the flux features.
  • 1.2K
  • 09 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Flux-Modulated Permanent Magnet Machines
High torque density is a desirable feature of electrical machines used in traction applications, such as electric vehicle (EV)/hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) propulsion, wind turbines, more electric air-crafts, etc. The flux-modulated permanent magnet (FMPM) machine is considered as one of the most promising candidates to achieve high torque density. The incorporated gearing effect is ideal in reducing the rotating speed and amplifying the output torque of the FMPM machines.
  • 2.4K
  • 02 Feb 2021
Topic Review
Fly Ash
Fly ash or coal fly ash causes major global pollution in the form of solid waste and is classified as a “hazardous waste”, which is a by-product of thermal power plants produced during electricity production. Si, Al, Fe Ca, and Mg alone form more than 85% of the chemical compounds and glasses of most fly ashes. Fly ash has a chemical composition of 70–90%, as well as glasses of ferrous, alumina, silica, and CaO. Therefore, fly ash could act as a reliable and alternative source for ferrous, alumina, and silica. The ferrous fractions can be recovered by a simple magnetic separation method, while alumina and silica can be extracted by chemical or biological approaches. Alumina extraction is possible using both alkali- and acid-based methods, while silica is extracted by strong alkali, such as NaOH. Chemical extraction has a higher yield than the biological approaches, but the bio-based approaches are more environmentally friendly. Fly ash can also be used for the synthesis of zeolites by NaOH treatment of variable types, as fly ash is rich in alumino-silicates. The present review work deals with the recent advances in the field of the recovery and synthesis of ferrous, alumina, and silica micro and nanoparticles from fly ash.
  • 4.7K
  • 06 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Fly Ash and Marble Waste
The contemporary construction landscape is witnessing a paradigm shift towards sustainable methodologies. This research delves into innovative practices that harness marble waste and fly ash as viable alternatives in concrete production. These materials not only offer enhanced properties for construction but also present an eco-friendly approach by reducing carbon emissions and utilizing industrial byproducts. By integrating these materials into urban construction, researchers can address the pressing challenges of environmental sustainability and resource optimization in the ever-evolving field of construction.
  • 429
  • 20 Oct 2023
Topic Review
Fly Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concretes
Concrete as a construction material is extensively used in the construction industry, with global annual consumption of approximately 25 billion cubic meters. Such high usage is due to the concrete’s low cost, excellent durability, readily availability of the constituent materials, and capability to be molded into different shapes. Among different constituents of concrete, binder materials are highly important for development of hydration in the microstructure of the concrete.
  • 577
  • 24 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Fly Ash—Slag One-Part Geopolymers
One-part geopolymer concrete/mortar is a pre-mixed material made from industrial by-products and solid alkaline activators that only requires the addition of water for activation. Apart from being environmentally friendly, it also reduces complexity and improves consistency in the mixing process, leading to more efficient production and consistent material properties.
  • 236
  • 29 Dec 2023
Topic Review
Flying Ad Hoc Network
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, have made them able to communicate and collaborate, forming flying ad hoc networks (FANETs). FANETs are becoming popular in many application domains, including precision agriculture, goods delivery, construction, environment and climate monitoring, and military surveillance. These interesting new avenues for the use of UAVs are motivating researchers to rethink the existing research on FANETs. 
  • 915
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Flying Ad-Hoc Networks
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, once centric to military applications, are presently finding their way in many civilian and commercial applications. If national legislations permit UAVs to operate autonomously, one will see the skies become populated with many small UAVs, each one performing various tasks such as mail and package delivery, traffic monitoring, event filming, surveillance, search and rescue, and other applications. Thus, advancing to multiple small UAVs from a single large UAV has resulted in a new clan of networks known as flying ad-hoc networks (FANETs). Such networks provide reliability, ease of deployment, and relatively low operating costs by offering a robust communication network among the UAVs and base stations (BS). Although FANETs offer many benefits, there also exist a number of challenges that need to be addressed; the most significant of these being the communication one.
  • 4.8K
  • 28 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Flying Disc Games
Flying disc games are games played with discs, often called by the trademarked name Frisbees. Ultimate and disc golf are sports with substantial international followings.
  • 960
  • 24 Oct 2022
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