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Topic Review
Graph in BIM/GIS Integration
Information exchange between building information modelling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) is problematic, especially in terms of semantic information. Graph-based technologies, such as the resource description framework (RDF) and the labelled property graph (LPG), are promising in solving this problem. These two technologies are different but have not been systematically investigated in the context of BIM/GIS integration. 
  • 826
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Text Mining Applications in the Construction Industry
With the advent of the Industry 4.0 era, information technology has been widely developed and applied in the construction engineering field. Text mining (TM) refers to the process of extracting interesting and non-trivial information hidden in plain text, in order to obtain useful insights. It has been applied to a wide range of industries, including biography, medicine, and manufacturing. Studies in these areas have shown that TM techniques can offer valuable information for decision making and improving industrial productivity.
  • 476
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Fibre Reinforced Polymer Waste Prevention and Reuse
With strict legislation on landfill and other environmental limits, recycling, reusing, and repurposing FRP composites will be at the forefront of sustainable waste management strategies in the future. This research presents a review of FRP waste disposal methods, with a focus on waste minimisation and reuse. The methods include waste minimisation, reuse/repurpose, recycling, incineration and landfill. The main recycling routes consist of mechanical, thermal and chemical recycling. Discarding FRP waste in a sustainable manner presents a major challenge in a circular economy. Waste prevention or reuse of FPR composite waste is the way forward to tackle this challenge.
  • 2.0K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Methods for Electric Energy Accumulation
The daily non-uniform power demand is a serious problem in power industry. In addition, recent decades show a trend for the transition to renewable power sources, but their power output depends upon weather and daily conditions. These factors determine the urgency of energy accumulation technology research and development. The presence of a wide variety of energy storage mechanisms leads to the need for their classification and comparison as well as a consideration of possible options for their application in modern power units.
  • 2.6K
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Mining Equipment Management
Mining sector is an economic foundation and the main source of national wealth for many countries. Modern mining operations are ever more reliant on efficient usage of costly large-scale mining equipment (e.g., trucks, shovels/excavators/loaders, conveyors and crushers). Thus, mining equipment management is becoming crucial for the mining industry. To be viable and sustainable, mining enterprises need to operate different types of mining equipment units at various stages with the objective of minimizing the total cost or maximizing the whole productivity.
  • 560
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Metal Matrix Composite of Aluminium Using FSP Technique
Aluminium metal matrix composites have been shown to make significant contributions to the area of new materials and have become widely accepted in high-tech structural and functional applications such as those in the aircraft, automobile, marine, mineral, defence, transportation, thermal management, automotive, and sports and recreation fields. Metal matrix composites are manufactured using a variety of manufacturing processes. Stirring casting, powder metallurgy, squeezing casting, in situ processes, deposition techniques, and electroplating are part of the manufacturing process used in the manufacture of aluminium-metal matrix composites. Metal matrix composites that use friction stir processing have a distinct advantage over metal matrix composites that use other manufacturing techniques. friction stir processing (FSP)’s benefits include a finer grain, processing zone homogeneity, densification, and the homogenization of aluminium alloy and composite precipitates.
  • 428
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Bio-Inspired Muco-Adhesive Polymers for Drug Delivery Applications
Muco-adhesive drug delivery systems continue to be one of the most studied for controlled pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Briefly, muco-adhesive polymers, can be described as bio-polymers that adhere to the mucosal (mucus) surface layer, for an extended residency period of time at the site of application, by the help of interfacial forces resulting in improved drug delivery. When compared to traditional drug delivery systems, muco-adhesive carriers have the potential to enhance therapeutic performance and efficacy, locally and systematically, in oral, rectal, vaginal, amongst other routes. Hence, and in light of accruing progress, evidence and interest, during the past, this E-entry aims to provide the reader with an overview of the theories, principles, properties, and underlying mechanisms of muco-adhesive polymers for pharmaceutics; from basics to design to characterization to optimization to evaluation to market. A special focus is devoted to the advances incorporating bio-inspired polymers for designing controlled muco-adhesive drug delivery systems. 
  • 687
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Wide Band Gap Devices
A decisive property that regulates semiconductor’s electrical and optical properties is the band gap, which is an important physical parameter for designating a wide band gap (WBG) semiconductor, and is defined as the energy needed for electrons to transition to the conduction band from the valence band. The magnetic property of the semiconducting materials also plays an important role for choosing of power devices in terms of energy efficiency with hysteresis and eddy current losses. The WBG semiconductor materials exhibit larger band gaps (2–4 eV) than their silicon (1–1.5 eV) counterparts and offer greater power efficiency, lower overall cost, smaller size, lighter weight, and lower energy consumption. WBG-based components in semiconductor devices permit its operation at high temperatures, which can be problematic when using conventional silicon semiconductors with smaller band gaps. The wider the bandgap, the higher the temperature at which the semiconductor power devices can function.
  • 889
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Key Inorganic Components of Bone Matrix Nanohydroxyapatite
Each cell type has a specific binding motif on the extracellular matrix, and these interaction spots are nanometers in size; therefore, the physical properties of a surface such as roughness and topography are generally designed in nanoscales. In vitro, osteoblast adhesion, proliferation and differentiation, and mineralization are enhanced for nanomaterials with grain sizes less than 100 nm. The adherence of osteoblasts on the surface covered with titanium nanoparticles is threefold that on the conventional titanium-particle-coated surface. It becomes clear that anchorage-dependent bone-forming cells on rough scaffold surfaces show higher attachment, proliferation, and differentiation efficiency.
  • 455
  • 23 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Microbial Fuel Cells
The intensive energy requirement of conventional wastewater treatment for aeration demands an alternative technological option that requires less energy for its operation. Due to its cost-effectiveness, biological processes such as activated sludge have been widely used for wastewater treatment. However, this technique depends on the ability of bacterial population to maintain acceptable effluent quality. If the treatment is interfered with, the bacterial population respond to the varying influents. When this occurs, exceeding effluent limits lead to environmental damage and costly fines. Consequently, treatment facilities have to be overhauled, resulting in a loss of time and financial resources.
  • 500
  • 23 Dec 2022
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