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Topic Review
Thermal Transport in 2D Materials
Two-dimensional materials are characterized by excellent structural, mechanical, and physical properties, making them suitable for basic science and engineering applications because of their superb properties. In nanomaterials, thermal transport has revealed many unique phenomena, which, when understood, will open up new possibilities for the development of new nanotechnologies in thermal management. New technologies have become increasingly dependent on thermal conductivity as an essential parameter. Many benefits can be derived from nanoelectronic devices using 2D materials and they may potentially extend electronics into new fields of application.
  • 504
  • 22 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Microgrid Control
Microgrids (MGs) are advancing in terms of intelligence, distribution, and flexibility. Electrical grids are being dominated by cutting-edge power electronics and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, and this trend may continue for many years to come.
  • 658
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Li-Ion Batteries and Sodium-Ion Batteries
Batteries are the backbones of the sustainable energy transition for stationary off-grid, portable electronic devices, and plug-in electric vehicle applications. Both lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (NIBs), most commonly rely on carbon-based anode materials and are usually derived from non-renewable sources such as fossil deposits.
  • 565
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Principles of Nutrient Recovery in BESs Using Membranes
Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) have emerged as a technology that is able to recover resources from different kinds of substrates, especially wastewater. Nutrient recovery, mostly based on membrane reactor configuration, is a clear niche for BES application. The recovery of nitrogen or phosphorus allows for treatment of wastewater while simultaneously collecting a concentrated stream with nutrients that can be reintroduced into the system, becoming a circular economy solution. 
  • 280
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Production Disruption
Two kinds of incentive strategies, cost-sharing and penalty, are examined in dealing with production disruption, with consideration of production process reliability as an endogenous factor for a two-echelon supply chain.
  • 1.2K
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Ethanol Production in Brazil
Ethanol production in Brazil started in the early 1930s due to laws created by the Brazilian government. However, ethanol production only increased significantly with the National Program of Ethanol implementation in 1975. This program was another action taken by the Brazilian government aiming to provide conditions for the development of the ethanol industry in the country. With the program, it was possible to achieve significant progress; however, it finished in the mid-1980s. Ethanol is produced on a large scale by more than 300 sugarcane mills all over the country. In 2016, the Brazilian government provided another incentive for ethanol production by creating the RenovaBio Program, which aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Besides the environmental aspect, Brazil's ethanol industry needs to develop to supply the future biofuel demand. According to the forecast and considering technical, economic, and environmental aspects regards the Brazilian ethanol industry, the current and only feedstock used has an excellent chance not to achieve necessary. Thus, the ethanol produced from corn by some facilities in the country would be an attractive secondary feedstock to complement sugarcane ethanol, the primary feedstock. 
  • 1.1K
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Water Treatment Using Functional Composites
Due to its low cost, biosorption technology has been extensively carried out to treat heavy metal-laden wastewater using biosorbents. The studies on heavy metal biosorption mechanisms and the simulation of mathematical modeling on the biosorption process have enhanced scientific understanding about the binding between target metal cations and the functional group on different surfaces of biomasses as a biosorbent.
  • 460
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Supercritical CO2 Extraction
Supercritical CO2 extraction is a green method that combines economic and environmental benefits. Microalgae, on the other hand, is a biomass in abundance, capable of providing a vast variety of valuable compounds, finding applications in the food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and biofuels.
  • 447
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Deep Learning Defect Detection Methods for Industrial Products
Deep learning models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have had a lot of success in various computer vision fields, such as recognizing faces, identifying pedestrians, detecting text in images, and tracking targets. Additionally, these models are used in a wide range of industrial settings for defect detection.
  • 993
  • 21 Feb 2023
Topic Review
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operate by converting the chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy. The most crucial parameters in the operation process are the temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and air stoichiometry ratio. The classical structure of a PEMFC consists of a proton exchange membrane, anode electrode, cathode electrode, catalyst layers (CLs), microporous layer (MPLs), gas diffusion layers (GDLs), two bipolar plates (BPs), and gas flow channels (GFCs). The mechanical behavior and the conductivity of the protons are highly dependent on the structure of the MEAs.
  • 890
  • 20 Feb 2023
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