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Topic Review
EIS and IRT for Evaluating Lithium Batteries
During lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) ordinary operation, safety concerns are related to the possibility of overheating and, in extreme cases, to the risk of fire or explosion. Hence, it is crucial to implement proper safety measures in the design, manufacturing, and in the second life of LIBs, through a proper design of thermal management systems or short circuit protection. Regarding their durability, LIBs can face degradation over time due to repeated charge–discharge cycles. This might affect their charge retention capacity and their lifespan. Hence, ongoing research is being conducted to improve these aspects through advancements in materials, electrode design, and battery management systems. LIB development focuses on improving their efficiency by using environmentally friendly materials. The non-destructive testing (NDT) of LIBs can be classified into several categories. The commonly accepted taxonomy is based on their underlying physical principle of measurement, e.g., electromagnetic waves, thermal waves, mechanical waves, etc.
  • 311
  • 16 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Ejectors
Ejectors are broadly of two types based on geometric construction, constant area mixing (CAM) and constant pressure mixing (CPM). Eamesproposed a new design with constant rate of momentum change, which has the advantage of both CAM and CPM. Computational and experimental studies show better overall performance of ejectors with increases in critical condensing temperatures and higher entrainment ratios.
  • 3.7K
  • 19 Nov 2021
Topic Review
El Toro Loco (Truck)
El Toro Loco (Spanish for "The Crazy Bull") is a monster truck currently racing in the Monster Jam series. It is currently driven by Kayla Blood. Other drivers of have included Dan Rodoni, Aaron Basl, Ryan Huffaker, Joey Parnell, Chris Baker, and Nathan Weenk. It features one of the first 3-D body shells, with horns sticking out of the roof. This body was originally designed for Bulldozer, and was found a second use for El Toro Loco. As El Toro Loco has increased in popularity, it has become the primary truck for the body style.
  • 2.2K
  • 31 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Elastic Beam-like Model of Multi-Storey Framed Buildings
Modern computational techniques have greatly influenced the numerical analyses of structures, not only in terms of calculation speed, but also in terms of procedural approach. In particular, great importance has been given to structural modelling, that is, the process by which a structure and the actions to which it is subjected are reduced to a simplified scheme. The use of a simplified calculation scheme is necessary since the structures are, in general, considerably complex physical systems whose behaviour is influenced by a large number of variables.
  • 568
  • 23 Sep 2022
Topic Review
Electric and Hydrogen Automobile
The negative consequences of toxic emissions from internal combustion engines, energy security, climate change, and energy costs have led to a growing demand for clean power sources in the automotive industry. Developing eco-friendly vehicle technologies, such as electric and hydrogen vehicles, has increased. The researchers investigate whether hydrogen vehicles will replace electric vehicles in the future. The results showed that fuel-cell cars are unlikely to compete with electric cars. This is due to the advancements in electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, which are becoming more cost-effective and efficient. Additionally, the technical progress in Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) is expected to reduce the market share of Fuel-Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs) in passenger vehicles. However, there are significant investments in hydrogen cars. Many ongoing investments seem to follow the sunk cost fallacy, where decision-makers continue to invest in an unprofitable project due to the already invested resources. Furthermore, even with megawatt charging, fuel-cell trucks cost more than battery-powered electric trucks. The use cases for fuel-cell electric trucks are also much more limited, as their running expenses are higher compared to electric cars. Hydrogen vehicles may be beneficial for heavy transport in remote areas. However, it remains to be seen if niche markets are large enough to support fuel-cell electric truck commercialization and economies of scale. In summary, researchers believe hydrogen vehicles will not replace electric cars and trucks, at least before 2050.
  • 312
  • 25 Apr 2023
Topic Review
Electric Arc Furnace Slag
EAF slag is a non-metallic by-product that consists mainly of silicates and oxides formed during the process of refining the molten steel. Raw EAF slag often appears as grey or black colored lumps, depending on its ferrous oxide content. This type of slag generally has a rough surface texture, with a surface pore diameter of 0.01–10 μm.
  • 8.8K
  • 26 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Electric Beacon
In navigation, an electric beacon (or electromagnetic beacon) is a kind of beacon, a device which marks a fixed location and allows direction finding equipment to find relative bearing, the direction to the beacon. The most common are radio beacons, which broadcast a radio signal which is picked up by radio direction finding systems on ships, aircraft and vehicles to determine the bearing to the beacon, but the term also covers infrared and sonar beacons.
  • 472
  • 23 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Electric Cars in Brazil
Brazil has been successful to reduce its carbon footprint using biofuels, but it is facing a dilemma in vehicle electrification. It cannot shift abruptly to battery electric vehicles, as current consumers are unable to afford them and investment in recharging infrastructure is uncertain. However, it has a significant manufacturing base, and it cannot isolate itself from global industrial trends. The emergence of a dominant design (set of core technologies defining a product category and adopted by the majority of players in the market) in small and affordable segments is essential for the diffusion of electric cars in developing countries. Biofuel hybrid technologies may support the transition. The Brazilian industry can engage in electric vehicle development by designing small cars based on global architectures, targeting consumers in emerging markets. 
  • 1.4K
  • 27 May 2022
Topic Review
Electric Field-Assisted Membrane Processes
Electrofiltration is emerging as an attractive alternative that uses electric field to assist in fouling mitigation during the membrane-based separation processes. By tuning the electrophoretic forces on the feed side of the membrane, all water constituents (except ions) including viruses, bacteria, small and large molecules, and organic and inorganic solids can be prevented from fouling the membrane surface. Theoretically, the electric field-assisted membrane separation process will result in greatly desired clean water flux for the entire duration of operation.
  • 1.4K
  • 29 Nov 2021
Topic Review
Electric Gates
An electric gate is an entrance gate which can be opened and closed via an electric powered mechanism.
  • 1.3K
  • 08 Nov 2022
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