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Topic Review
Classification of Unmanned Systems
The autonomous and semi-autonomous multi-agent systems have as much variation and as wide a range of applications as those in the modern mechatronics and robotics fields do. The advance of collaborative swarms of Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and drones that are able to operate, navigate, communicate, and even install and assemble “each other” as a symbiotic team will play a critical role in the industry, science, and society in the future
  • 1.9K
  • 08 Mar 2023
Topic Review
5G Technology in Healthcare and Wearable Devices
Wearable devices with 5G technology are currently more ingrained in our daily lives, and they will now be a part of our bodies too. The requirement for personal health monitoring and preventive disease is increasing due to the predictable dramatic increase in the number of aging people. Technologies with 5G in wearables and healthcare can intensely reduce the cost of diagnosing and preventing diseases and saving patient lives. 
  • 1.1K
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Full Electric Mobility
Global warming originates mainly from greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Among them, carbon dioxide is the most critical man-made greenhouse gas that is constantly referred to. For this reason, total greenhouse gases are measured as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq), a unit of measurement used to standardize the effects of the various greenhouse gases on the climate. CO2-eq is a metric used to compare the emissions of different greenhouse gases based on their global-warming potential (GWP) by converting the amounts of other gases to the equivalent amount of carbon dioxide with the same global warming potential. 
  • 369
  • 07 Mar 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
Nonlocal Elasticity for Nanostructures: A Review of Recent Achievements
Recent developments in modeling and analysis of nanostructures are illustrated and discussed in this paper. Starting with the early theories of nonlocal elastic continua, a thorough investigation of continuum nano-mechanics is provided. Two-phase local/nonlocal models are shown as possible theories to recover consistency of the strain-driven purely integral theory, provided that the mixture parameter is not vanishing. Ground-breaking nonlocal methodologies based on the well-posed stress-driven formulation are shown and commented upon as effective strategies to capture scale-dependent mechanical behaviors. Static and dynamic problems of nanostructures are investigated, ranging from higher-order and curved nanobeams to nanoplates. Geometrically nonlinear problems of small-scale inflected structures undergoing large configuration changes are addressed in the framework of integral elasticity. Nonlocal methodologies for modeling and analysis of structural assemblages as well as of nanobeams laying on nanofoundations are illustrated along with benchmark applicative examples.
  • 1.6K
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Main Cable's Construction Control Technology of Suspension Bridge
The main cable shape control confronts new challenges when a suspension bridge’s span exceeds two kilometers. As a suspension bridge’s primary load-bearing component, it is difficult to alter the alignment once the erection is completed. Hence, the accurate calculation and control of the main cable shape has significant scientific research value from various aspects. The erection error of the free cable shape will have a substantial impact on subsequent construction stages. Therefore, when erecting the main cable, it is essential to guarantee the shape’s precision to the greatest extent possible.
  • 1.5K
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review
LGAD-Based Silicon Sensors for 4D Detectors
Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) are a class of silicon sensors developed for the fast detection of Minimum Ionizing Particles (MIPs). The development was motivated by the need of resolving piled-up tracks of charged particles emerging from several vertexes originating from the same bunch-crossing in High-Energy Physics (HEP) collider experiments, which, however, are separated not only in space but also in time by a few tens of picoseconds. Built on thin silicon substrates and featuring an internal moderate gain, they provide fast signals for excellent timing performance, which are therefore useful to distinguish the different tracks. Unfortunately, this comes at the price of poor spatial resolution. To overcome this limitation, other families of LGAD-based silicon sensors which can deliver in the same substrate both excellent timing and spatial information are under development.
  • 600
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Applications of Microflows
Microfluidics is an interdisciplinary research subject that provides precise liquid control and manipulation, empowering quick and high throughput test handling incorporated into small-size clinical frameworks. The work provides the details review on the available microfluidic monitoring techniques
  • 291
  • 06 Mar 2023
Topic Review Peer Reviewed
From Bioinspiration to Biomimicry in Architecture: Opportunities and Challenges
The term “bioinspiration” defines a creative approach based on the observation of biological principles and transfer to design. Biomimicry is the recent approach, which describes a large field of scientific and technical activities dealing with an interdisciplinary cooperation between biology and other fields with the goal of solving practical problems addressing innovation or sustainable development. Architecture has been influenced by many aspects of natural and social sciences, among these, biology is currently blending into design activities. Bioinspiration has evolved and shifted architectural practices towards numerous innovative approaches through different bioarchitectural movements from the past until the present. However, there is a blur of biomimicry within bioinspiration in architecture between the direct copy of mere natural forms and the true understanding of biological principles, which is the pivot of sustainable development. The main challenge remains in the gap between the profound knowledge of biology, its related scientific fields and the creative process of architectural design, including cross-disciplinary collaboration between architects and biologists. This entry presents main bioarchitectural movements and how it leads to today’s biomimicry. It proposes to define biomimicry methodologies and how this approach applies to architectural design contexts through the study of existing case studies. The opportunities, challenges and the future outlook of the field will also be discussed.
  • 1.3K
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Microalga Haematococcus pluvialis
The freshwater microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is well known as the cell factory for natural astaxanthin, which composes up to 4–7% of its total dry weight. The bioaccumulation of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis cysts seems to be a very complex process that depends on different stress conditions during its cultivation. The red cysts of H. pluvialis develop thick and rigid cell walls under stress growing conditions.
  • 1.0K
  • 03 Mar 2023
Topic Review
Smart Sensing for Aeronautical Applications
Smart sensing for aeronautical applications is a multidisciplinary process that involves the development of various sensor elements and advancements in the nanomaterials field. The expansion of research has fueled the development of commercial and military aircrafts in the aeronautical field. Optical technology is one of the supporting pillars for this, as well as the fact that the unique high-tech qualities of aircrafts align with sustainability criteria.
  • 389
  • 03 Mar 2023
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