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Topic Review
Application of Hydrogels for Bone Regeneration
Hydrogels are versatile biomaterials characterized by three-dimensional, cross-linked, highly hydrated polymeric networks. These polymers exhibit a great variety of biochemical and biophysical properties, which allow for the diffusion of diverse molecules, such as drugs, active ingredients, growth factors, and nanoparticles. Meanwhile, these polymers can control chemical and molecular interactions at the cellular level. The polymeric network can be molded into different structures, imitating the structural characteristics of surrounding tissues and bone defects. Interestingly, the application of hydrogels in bone tissue engineering (BTE) has been gathering significant attention due to the beneficial bone improvement results that have been achieved.
  • 1.0K
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Pavement-Performance Ratings Methods
Pavement friction plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of road networks. Accurately assessing friction levels is vital for effective pavement maintenance and for the development of management strategies employed by state highway agencies.
  • 404
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Enhancing Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing Efficiency
Innovative carbon reduction and sustainability solutions are needed to combat climate change. One promising approach towards cleaner air involves the utilization of lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and electric power vehicles, showcasing their potential as innovative tools for cleaner air.
  • 313
  • 29 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Electrocatalytic Reactions for Converting CO2 to Value-Added Products
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are an important environmental issue that causes greenhouse and climate change effects on the earth. Nowadays, CO2 has various conversion methods to be a potential carbon resource, such as photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and photo-electrocatalytic. CO2 conversion into value-added products has many advantages, including facile control of the reaction rate by adjusting the applied voltage and minimal environmental pollution. The development of efficient electrocatalysts and improving their viability with appropriate reactor designs is essential for the commercialization of this environmentally friendly method.
  • 280
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Prospects of Bioethanol from Agricultural Residues in Bangladesh
Since Bangladesh is an agricultural country, bioethanol could be the best alternative fuel generated from agricultural residues and waste. Every year, a large amount of agricultural residue is generated in this country, from which a vast amount of bioethanol could be produced. Bioethanol derived from agricultural residue and waste can reduce dependency on fossil resources, reduce fossil fuel’s environmental impact, and improve engine performance. 
  • 289
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Additively Manufactured Polylactic Acid in Dentistry
Additive manufacturing (AM), which is also called rapid prototyping/3D printing/layered manufacturing, can be considered as a rapid conversion between digital and physical models. One of the most used materials in AM is polylactic acid (PLA), which has advantageous material properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. For many medical applications, it is considered as a leading biomaterial. In dentistry, in addition to its uses in dental models (education, teaching, simulation needs), it can be used for therapeutic objectives and tissue engineering.
  • 637
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Process Parameters on Friction Stir Welded Joints
Friction Stir Welding is a suitable solid-state joining technology to connect dissimilar materials. To produce an effective joint, a phase of optimization is required which leads to the definition of process parameters such as pin geometry, tool rotational speed, rotation direction, welding speed, thickness of the sheets or tool tilt angle.
  • 568
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Distributed Energy Technologies
Power plants related to distributed generation can be classified according to the type of primary energy: fossil fuel, nuclear or renewable energy, or waste heat. Combustion-based plants, depending on the type of fossil fuel, can be divided into those using natural gas, coal, peat, wood, oil, diesel, gasoline, etc. The most common fuels for 1–100 MW plants are natural gas, diesel and coal, as they have a significant heat value, are low-cost and are available in large quantities. In the case of natural gas or diesel, electricity can be generated using open cycles such as the Brayton, Otto and Diesel cycles. They can be implemented in gas turbine plants (GTPs), gas piston plants (GPPs) and diesel generator power (DGP) complexes. When using any organic fuel, a closed energy cycle implemented in steam turbine power plants (STPs) can be used. Closed power cycles on water or organic coolants can also be used to generate electricity from industrial waste heat.
  • 280
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposits in Hydrocarbon-Bearing Basins
As a valuable mineral resource, uranium is extensively utilized in nuclear power generation, radiation therapy, isotope labeling, and tracing. In order to achieve energy structure diversification, reduce dependence on traditional fossil fuels, and promote the sustainable development of energy production and consumption, research on the metallogenic mechanisms and related development technologies of uranium resources has been one of the focuses of China’s energy development. Sandstone-type uranium deposits make up approximately 43% of all deposits in China, making them the most prevalent form of uranium deposit there.
  • 500
  • 28 Jun 2023
Topic Review
Energy Efficiency in a Global Context
Energy efficiency is, in principle, a simple idea: an output of human value, for example, vehicle-km traveled, divided by the needed input energy. Efficiency improvements are regarded as an important means of mitigating not only climate change, but also other environmental problems. Much has been written about energy efficiency, but it is mainly concerned with means for improving efficiency, or barriers to implementing higher energy efficiency. In contrast, this entry argues that the concept of energy efficiency needs to be broadened, both conceptually to include ethical considerations, and spatially, to include distant as well as local impacts.
  • 327
  • 28 Jun 2023
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