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Topic Review
Additive Manufacturing of Dissimilar Metals and Complex Alloys
With the emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) as one of the promising platforms to realize the needs for digital manufacturing, the deployment of AM a.k.a. 3D printing has experienced a consistent growth across industries from healthcare to energy to defense, to name a few. In AM, a material is fused layer-by-layer in accord with a computer-aided design (CAD) model to achieve a near net-shaped specimen. Amongst the several benefits over the conventional manufacturing processes (such as casting, forging, machining, etc.), AM eliminates the need for tools or dyes and, in a few cases, assembly to make a component. AM is generally classified into several techniques, stereolithography (SLA), powder bed fusion (PBF), direct energy deposition (DED), and material jetting, to list a few. Amongst them, metal AM techniques are particularly intriguing owing to their capabilities in fabricating multicomponent alloy parts; on the other hand, metal AM does need to overcome deep technical challenges associated with the complex solidification cycles and the resultant residual stresses. Nonetheless, products resulting from certain AM processes have demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to their conventionally processed counterparts.
  • 253
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Techniques of Image Encryption For Medical Applications
In medical information systems, image data can be considered crucial information. As imaging technology and methods for analyzing medical images advance, there will be a greater wealth of data available for study. Hence, protecting those images is essential. Image encryption methods are crucial in multimedia applications for ensuring the security and authenticity of digital images. 
  • 1.1K
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Inventions in Additive Manufacturing Processes
Additive Manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D Printing (3DP), has emerged as a transformative technology revolutionizing various industries including very demanding ones such as the aerospace and biomedical industries.
  • 490
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Blockchain Integration in Vehicle-to-Everything and IoT for Transportation
As smart transportation systems evolve, secure and efficient Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication between vehicles and infrastructure becomes crucial. A Vehicle-to-Blockchain (V2B) communication architecture is introduced, leveraging blockchain technology for transparent and decentralized interactions. Researchers' contributes to the integration of blockchain into V2X and IoT for next-generation transportation systems. Researchers propose several novel blockchain use cases, including a blockchain-based vehicle ownership system based on the multi-token standard, a vehicle scoring system, blockchain-IoT integration, and a decentralized ticket management system for transportation services. The architecture addresses key aspects such as data integration, validity, secure messaging, and introduces a decentralized payment system and marketplace for transportation in smart cities. Researchers specifically emphasize the technical implementation of smart contracts for these use cases, underscoring their role in ensuring robust and reliable interactions. Through decentralized approach, researchers pave the way for a transformative transportation ecosystem that is adaptable, resilient, and capable of meeting the evolving needs of smart cities.
  • 470
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Carbon Footprint of Hydrogen Produced with Photovoltaic Electricity
The production of hydrogen as both chemical feed and energy carrier using low-carbon technologies is one of the solutions to reach net-zero emissions. The publications on the life-cycle assessment of photovoltaic (PV)-based hydrogen production focused on the carbon footprint are reviewed. The global warming potential (GWP) values of this H2 production process considering the state-of-the-art PV panels for installation in Italy are updated. 
  • 206
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Research Synergies between Sustainability and Human-Centered Design
There are several topics being addressed in the intersection areas linking human-centered design (HCD) and sustainability, and this introduces an innovative array of opportunities for the design research community. Findings demonstrated that the complexity of issues related to sustainability has stimulated the research community in the development of a multitude of design visions and approaches that go beyond the mere consideration of environmental features. Indeed, a huge sample of works have clearly showed the interest in connecting the social, economic, and cultural aspects of sustainability and the need to progress the theoretical debates with practical experimentations. Together, these behaviors contribute to the increase in best practices.
  • 345
  • 29 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sustainable Approaches to Polymer-Modified Asphalt Binder
Due to periodic variations in temperature and heavy traffic loading, hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavements undergo considerable distress during their service life. The rheological properties of asphalt binder, when subjected to complex physical and chemical processes, make it stiff and sometimes brittle, which ultimately plays a huge part in pavement deterioration. This phenomenon is commonly known as asphalt aging. Incorporating polymer modifiers with virgin asphalt can work as an effective means to change the binder properties and alleviate the issues related to asphalt aging. Different types of polymers, including elastomers, plastomers, and reactive polymers, can mixed in different combinations with the virgin asphalt to create polymer-modified binders (PMBs). In general, polymers are typically added to the virgin asphalt binder in PMB manufacturing at weight percentages ranging from 3% to 7%.
  • 333
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Sensor Calibration
A sensor is a detection device that can convert measured data into electrical signals output according to certain rules in order to meet the requirements of information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording, and control. The performance indicators of sensors usually include sensitivity, resolution, linearity, repeatability, stability, accuracy, and so on. The process of experimentally determining, under predetermined measurement conditions, the correspondence between a sensor’s input and output is known as calibration. The sensor has to be recalibrated if any of its indicators have changed as a result of the external environment or if it has been some time since the last calibration. 
  • 726
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Hydrogen Carriers
Hydrogen carriers are one of the keys to the success of using hydrogen as an energy vector. Indeed, sustainable hydrogen production exploits the excess of renewable energy sources, after which temporary storage is required. The conventional approaches to hydrogen storage and transport are compressed hydrogen (CH2) and liquefied hydrogen (LH2), which require severe operating conditions related to pressure (300–700 bar) and temperature (T < −252 °C), respectively. To overcome these issues, which have hindered market penetration, several alternatives have been proposed in the last few decades.
  • 205
  • 28 Aug 2023
Topic Review
Packet Reordering in the Era of 6G
The advent of sixth-generation (6G) networks brings unmatched speed, reliability, and capacity for massive connections, making it a cornerstone for revolutionary applications. One such application is in vehicular networks, which have their unique demands and complexities. Specifically, they face the complex issue of packet reordering due to the high-speed movement of vehicles and frequent switching of network connections.
  • 344
  • 25 Aug 2023
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