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Topic Review
Deep Learning-based Contactless PPG Methods
Physiological measurements are widely used to determine a person’s health condition. Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a physiological measurement method that is used to detect volumetric changes in blood in vessels beneath the skin. Medical devices based on PPG have been introduced to measure different physiological measurements including heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, heart rate variability (HRV), oxyhemoglobin saturation, and blood pressure. Due to its low cost and non-invasive nature, PPG is utilized in many devices such as finger pulse oximeters, sports bands, and wearable sensors. PPG-based physiological measurements can be categorized into two types: contact-based and contactless.
  • 1.7K
  • 08 Jun 2021
Topic Review
Continuum Robots for Medical Applications
Traditional rigid robot application in the medical field is limited due to the limited degrees of freedom caused by their material and structure. Inspired by trunk, tentacles, and snakes, continuum robot (CR) could traverse confined space, manipulate objects in complex environment, and conform to curvilinear paths in space. The continuum robot has broad prospect in surgery due to its high dexterity, which can reach circuitous areas of the body and perform precision surgery. Recently, many efforts have been done by researchers to improve the design and actuation methods of continuum robots. Several continuum robots have been applied in clinic surgical interventions and demonstrated superiorities to conventional rigid-link robots.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Jan 2021
Topic Review
Software Defined Networking
Software Defined Networking(SDN)has recently received much attention to address some of the enduring networking challenges. SDN’s concept is based on ideas of generalization network hardware and decoupling the network controls software from the implementation devices . SDN is a new intelligent architecture for network programmability. SDN’s main idea is to separate the control plane from the network devices, enabling the data control from a central and external software entity called an SDN controller. The Open Networking Foundation (ONF) is a non-profit consortium dedicated to the development, standardization, and commercialization of SDN for the transport and IP network layer.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion
Laser-based powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), formerly SLM, is one of the seven Additive Manufacturing basic process categories in the new standards. 
  • 1.7K
  • 01 Apr 2021
Topic Review
Nanojoining
Nanojoining is the process of joining two or more surfaces together using nanomaterials as the primary building blocks. This includes, but is not limited to, nanosoldering, nanobrazing, nanowelding, nanoscale diffusion bonding, and additive manufacturing. Note that, like with conventional soldering and brazing, only the filler metal undergoes melting, not the base material. Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one dimension 100 nm or less and include 0-D (e.g. nanoparticles, 1-D (e.g. nanowires and nanorods), 2-D (e.g. graphene), and 3-D (e.g. nanofoam) materials. Nanomaterials exhibit several notable properties that allow joining to occur at temperatures lower than the melting temperature of their bulk counterpart. For example, the melting temperature of Ag is 961.78 °C, but Ag nanomaterials begin to melt at a much lower temperature that is dependent depending on the size and shape. These properties include high surface area to volume ratio, the Gibbs-Thompson effect, and high surface energy. The low joining temperature of nanomaterials has been exploited numerous times for flexible electronics, printable electronics, and soldering applications; only within the last two decades have they been explored for high-temperature joining applications (>450 °C).
  • 1.7K
  • 07 Jul 2022
Topic Review
List of AMD Phenom Microprocessors
The AMD Phenom family is a 64-bit microprocessor family from Advanced Micro Devices (AMD), based on the K10 microarchitecture. It includes the AMD Phenom II X6 hex-core series, Phenom X4 and Phenom II X4 quad-core series, Phenom X3 and Phenom II X3 tri-core series, and Phenom II X2 dual-core series. Other related processors based on the K10 microarchitecture include the Athlon X2 Kuma processors, Athlon II processors, and various Opteron, Sempron, and Turion series. The first Phenoms were released in November 2007. An improved second generation was released in December 2008, named Phenom II. Processors with an e following the model number (e.g., 910e) are low-power models, usually 45 W for Athlons, 65 W for Phenoms. Processors with a "u" following the model number (e.g., 270u) are ultra-low-power models, usually 20 W for single core chips or 25 W for dual core chips.
  • 1.7K
  • 12 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Lusterware
Lusterware or Lustreware (respectively the US and all other English spellings) is a type of pottery or porcelain with a metallic glaze that gives the effect of iridescence. It is produced by metallic oxides in an overglaze finish, which is given a second firing at a lower temperature in a "muffle kiln", or a reduction kiln, excluding oxygen. The discovery of this technique can be traced back to the 7th century A.D. when Islam emerged in the city of Mecca. Lusterware was first created for the royal courts and the technique of lusterware on ceramic was developed originally in Iraq. Some pieces were signed by their makers, this acted as an indication of the admiration towards each craftsman. Trading in the Middle East was very popular. Abbasid lusterware was very common in trade within the Islamic world; other popular trade items were textiles and various materials for building and crafting (ivory, wood, etc.). The Abbasid period served as an era of discovery especially in relation to the production of luster. The city of Baghdad, Iran and surrounding cities were located on the Silk Road which was the hub of trading during this period. There was a movement of goods generated between Iraq and China which triggered artistic emulations both ends, as well as some transfers of technologies, notably in the realm of ceramics. Lusterware traveled along the trade routes; the production of ceramic lusterware was seen in Egypt and Syria during later centuries.
  • 1.7K
  • 27 Oct 2022
Topic Review
Triboelectric Nanogenerator
First proposed by Wang in 2012, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG, also called Wang generator) derived from Maxwell’s displacement current shows great prospect as a new technology to convert mechanical energy into electricity, based on the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction. TENGs present superiorities including light weight, cost-effectiveness, easy fabrication, and versatile material choices. The concept of harvesting blue energy using the TENG and its network was first brought out in 2014. As a new form of blue energy harvester, the TENG surpasses the EMG in that it intrinsically displays higher effectiveness under low frequency, owing to the unique feature of its output characteristics. Moreover, adopting the distributed architecture of light-weighted TENG networks can make it more suitable for collecting wave energy of high entropy compared with EMGs, which are oversized in volume and mass.
  • 1.7K
  • 13 Sep 2021
Topic Review
Jeep Renegade (BU)
The Jeep Renegade (BU/520) is a subcompact crossover SUV (B-segment) produced by FCA US under their Jeep marque. It was first shown to the public in March 2014 at the Geneva Motor Show and production started in late August of that year. Standard Renegade models come with front-wheel drive. The vehicle offers the four-wheel drive systems Active Drive I and Active Drive Low, both of which are paired with Jeep's Selec-Terrain System.
  • 1.7K
  • 15 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Paper-Based Sensors Application
Paper-based sensors are getting increasing attention for reliable indoor/outdoor onsite detection with non-expert operation due to low cost, portability, easy disposal, and high accuracy, as well as bulky reduced laboratory equipment. They have become powerful analysis tools in trace detection with ultra-low detection limits and extremely high accuracy, resulting in their great popularity in biological detection, environmental inspection, and other applications. However, the current paper-based sensors still encounter insufficiencies such as harsh storage, short shelf time, singleplex analyte detection, disability of holographic strain detection, and low reproducibility for direct detection of the actual sample without pretreatment. Efforts should be made to paper-based sensors with those concerns before their broad commercial application. 
  • 1.7K
  • 22 Sep 2021
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