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Topic Review
Automated Shuttle Buses
Shared Autonomous Vehicles (SAV) is an umbrella term for shared public buses and logistics vehicles, also known as robot taxis or shuttle buses. Automated shuttle buses entail adopting new technologies and modifying users’ practices, cultural and symbolic meanings, policies, and markets. This results in a paradigmatic transition for a typical sociotechnical system: the transport system. However, the focus of the extant literature often lacks an overall vision, addressing a single technology, supply chain, or societal dimension. Although systemic design can manage multiple-level and long-term transitions, the literature does not discuss how systemic design tools can support implementation. 
  • 282
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Graphene-Based Materials for Tribological Engineering Applications
Graphene and graphene-based materials are relatively novel 2D materials with great tribological potential. Graphene is inherently low-friction, very high stiffness, and its thermal conductivity may reduce friction and wear.
  • 252
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Power Cost and CO2 Emissions
Hydrogen is considered the primary energy source of the future. The best use of hydrogen is in microgrids that have renewable energy sources (RES). These sources have a small impact on the environment when it comes to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and a power generation cost close to that of conventional power plants.
  • 216
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Integration of SysML and Virtual Reality Environment
In recent years, Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has continued to develop as a standard for designing, managing, and maintaining increasingly complex systems. Unlike the document centric approach, MBSE puts the model at the heart of system design. Among the various MBSE language development efforts, “Systems Modeling Language (SysML)”, is the most anticipated and broadly utilized in the research and in industrial practice. SysML originated from Unified Modeling Language (UML) and follows the Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Method (OOSEM). SysML diagrams help users create various systems engineering artifacts, including requirements, use cases, operational concepts, system architecture, system behaviors, and parametric analyses of a system model. In the early days of implementation, MBSE languages, including SysML, typically relied on static viewpoints and limited simulation support to depict and analyze a system model. Due the continuous improvement efforts and new implementation approaches by researchers and organizations, SysML has advanced vastly to encompass dynamic viewpoints, in-situ simulation and enable integration with external modeling and simulation (M&S) tools. Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a user interactive and immersive visualization technology and can depict reality in a virtual environment at different levels of fidelity. VR can play a crucial role in developing dynamic and interactive viewpoints to improve the MBSE approach.
  • 290
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Digital Twin Technology for Building Information Modeling
Digital twin (DT) technology, which lies at the core of Industry 4.0, has gained widespread adoption in various fields, including building energy analysis. With the ability to monitor, optimize, and predict building energy consumption in real time. DT technology has enabled sustainable building energy management and cost reduction.
  • 153
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Sensor Technologies for Human Motion Monitoring
Apart from the early video-based motion capture, the most widely used sensors for human motion capture include the traditional silicon-based sensors and the emerging flexible sensors. The former includes an accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, inertial sensors, and tilt sensors; the latter involves soft strain and pressure sensors based on textile or polymer materials.
  • 276
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Characterization Specifications for FRP Pultruded Materials
Pultruded FRP composites have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional materials like concrete, steel, and timber, especially in corrosive environmental conditions. However, the unique properties of these composites necessitate careful consideration during their implementation, as they differ significantly from conventional materials. Proper testing and characterization of FRP pultruded materials is key for their efficient and safe implementation. However, the existing specifications are not unified, resulting in ambiguity among stakeholders. 
  • 181
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Innovative Materials for Sustainable Buildings’ Energy Performance
In a broader context, sustainable materials refer to materials that are produced, used, and disposed of in a way that minimizes their impact on the environment, society, and economy. The concept of sustainability involves meeting present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Therefore, sustainable materials support ecological balance, conserve resources, and contribute to long-term societal well-being. They could be synthesized by microorganisms (or part of them) under different/ specific environmental conditions known as bio-sourced material or Geo-materials inspired by geological systems originating from the billion years long history of the earth (having geological origin) or even green materials that have a negligible load on the earth's environment and are harmless to human health in the process of raw material collection, product manufacturing, the application process, and after use. In the presence of these materials, conventional materials will be outdated. Their application in novel ways, especially in the building sector, is merely popping out, calling to be explored and applied in research. Using sustainable building materials is a promising alternative in building envelope applications to improve in-use energy efficiency. These materials, having a low environmental impact, the advantage of being renewable, and low embodied energy, contribute to global sustainability. During the last decades, waste management and green energy have gained massive popularity as they act on preserving the environment, reducing waste treatment and disposal costs, and generating alternative materials vulnerable to many industrial applications. These materials are sustainable and will positively affect social well-being as they will be replenished by photosynthesis daily. These pragmatic materials are the unsurpassed alternative as they not only target the reduction in daily carbon dioxide emissions but also offer thermal comfort with less energy consumption for the functioning of the buildings. With everything happening around us, it is vital to take serious measures when moderating and controlling energy consumption everywhere.
  • 409
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Long-Range Wide-Area Networks in Localization
Long-Range Wide-Area Networks (LoRaWAN) allow the transmission of data via radio link from sensors, which are potentially isolated or difficult to access, to gateways and servers that are connected to cellular networks for data processing, exchange, or relay, with low transmission power. This concept employs Long-Range (LoRa) modulation and has led to the emergence of many applications for the monitoring and tracking of objects.
  • 190
  • 17 Nov 2023
Topic Review
Four Effects of High-Entropy Alloys
As a new type of alloy with high hardness, high heat resistance, strong corrosion resistance, high wear resistance and fatigue resistance, high-entropy alloys are different from any existing traditional alloy. As a new alloy system, high-entropy alloys have important research value and broad application prospects. Therefore, the design, preparation and application of high-entropy alloys have become an important direction for the development of new materials.
  • 547
  • 17 Nov 2023
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