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Topic Review
CO2 Sequestration in Geological Formations
The geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most effective and, in many cases, the only viable short- to medium-term alternative for considerably moving towards CO2 sequestration in geological sinks and, thus, lowering net carbon emissions into the atmosphere.
  • 885
  • 04 Nov 2022
Topic Review
Assessment of Computer Vision-Based Construction Progress Monitoring Process
The progress monitoring (PM) of construction projects is an essential aspect of project control that enables the stakeholders to make timely decisions to ensure successful project delivery, but ongoing practices are largely manual and document-centric. However, the integration of technologically advanced tools into construction practices has shown the potential to automate construction PM (CPM) using real-time data collection, analysis, and visualization for effective and timely decision making. CPM entails periodically measuring the on-site progress and comparing the data with a planned schedule to get the actual status of a construction project. Traditional CPM practices involve manual data collection, which requires human intervention and hence are slow, error-prone, and labor-intensive. To overcome these issues, various automated CPM processes have been proposed. These processes include but are not limited to the use of enhanced information, geospatial, and imaging technologies. The imaging technologies comprise photogrammetry, videogrammetry, laser scanning, and range imaging. Laser scanning is a promising tool for as-built DAQ due to its accuracy; however, it requires expensive equipment, is technically complex, and requires experts to capture, model, and manipulate data for meaningful interpretations. An alternate technique is CV-based technology, which comprises photogrammetry, videogrammetry, and range images. The CV-based CPM comprises four sub-processes: data acquisition (DAQ), information retrieval, progress estimation, and output visualization. Each process involves various methods and techniques to achieve the desired output posing several benefits and limitations.
  • 885
  • 05 Aug 2022
Topic Review
Piaget SA
Piaget SA (French pronunciation: ​[pja.ʒɛ]) is a Switzerland luxury watchmaker and jeweller. Founded in 1874 by Georges Piaget in the village of La Côte-aux-Fées, Piaget is currently a subsidiary of the Swiss Richemont group. Piaget was founded as a manufacturer of watch movements but began marketing its own line of watches in the 20th century.
  • 884
  • 01 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Water Resilience
Analyze from a holistic and comprehensive perspective the water resource in the water cycle context and its relationships in the various environments for the strategic approach to resilience as a way to sustainability.
  • 884
  • 03 Feb 2022
Topic Review
Metal (Mo, W, Ti) Carbides for Dry Reforming
Dry reforming of hydrocarbons (DRH) is a pro-environmental method for syngas production. It owes its pro-environmental character to the use of carbon dioxide, which is one of the main greenhouse gases. Transition metal carbides (TMCs) can potentially replace traditional nickel catalysts due to their stability and activity in DR processes. 
  • 883
  • 18 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Ionic Liquids and Lignin
This entry gives overview of the lignin separation methods from lignocellulosic biomass using various methods but the main attention has been paid on lignin separation using ionic liquids. Lignin is a natural polymer, one that has an abundant and renewable resource in biomass. Due to a tendency towards the use of biochemicals, the efficient utilization of lignin has gained wide attention. The delignification of lignocellulosic biomass makes its fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) susceptible to easier transformation to many different commodities like energy, chemicals, and materials that could be produced using the biorefinery concept. 
  • 883
  • 10 Oct 2020
Topic Review
Applications of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (UHP-FRC)
UHPC is a cement based composite used to increase the life of new and existing structures. This new compound can replace concrete in harsh regions. After decades of research and manufacture, a range of commercial UHPC compositions are now accessible internationally to address demand for high-quality construction materials. UHPC provides substantial improvements over regular concrete, however its use is limited by design regulations and high prices. A detailed research of UHPC's durability qualities is needed to guide testing requirements and techniques and expand its practical usage. This study aims to promote UHPC research and applications.  
  • 883
  • 26 Dec 2022
Topic Review
Biofuels for Spark Ignition Engines
Biofuels are receiving increased scientific attention, and recently different biofuels have been proposed for spark ignition engines. Different biofuels, mainly ethanol, methanol, i-butanol-n-butanol, and acetone, are blended together in single dual issues and evaluated as renewables for SIE. Each blend showed some advantaged and drawbacks in terms of emissions and performance. 
  • 883
  • 17 Mar 2021
Topic Review
Categories of Step-Up DC-DC Converters
MICs can have either single-stage or two-stages conversion systems: single-stage MICs perform voltage boosting, MPPT and grid current control in a single DC-AC power conversion; two-stages MICs have a DC-DC stage to boost the PV module DC voltage (between 20 V–45 V) to a higher value (above 380 V, for instance) while tracking the PV module maximum power point, followed by a DC-AC stage, responsible to DC-link voltage regulation and the grid-tied functions.
  • 883
  • 05 Jan 2022
Topic Review
Lightweight Structural Materials
The field of lightweight structural materials is a very vast domain. It includes all plastic materials and light alloys, either individually or as part of multi-material composites.
  • 883
  • 17 Nov 2021
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